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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2012, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (14): 56-61.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0974

所属专题： 农业地理

• 畜牧 动物医学 蚕 蜂 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同地理区间上家马母系结构的差异分析

陈建兴 孙玉江 潘庆杰 闵令江 芒来   

  • 收稿日期:2012-03-19 修回日期:2012-03-28 出版日期:2012-05-15 发布日期:2012-05-15
  • 基金资助:

    农业部公益性行业科研专项2010年度、2011年度项目;内蒙古自治区科学技术厅项目;内蒙古农业大学2009 年度科技创新团队支持计划

Analyses of Differences in the Maternal Structure of Different Geographical Domestic Horses

  • Received:2012-03-19 Revised:2012-03-28 Online:2012-05-15 Published:2012-05-15

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摘要：

为了分析家马在世界各地理区间上的遗传结构差异，对家马遗传资源评价提供有益帮助，并对其母性起源和驯化提供一些分子生物学依据。对4个家马品种（蒙古马、锡尼河马、三河马和纯血马）共36个个体的mtDNA Cytb基因全序列进行了扩增和测序，并结合目前GenBank上登录的世界各地所有家马Cytb全序列进行分析，共检测到86种单倍型80个多态位点，其单倍型多样度为0.946，核苷酸多样度为0.00454，表明家马的遗传多态性比较丰富。首次通过将各品种家马根据地理区域划分为北美、西欧、东欧、中东、中亚、东亚6个类群以Cytb全序列作为标记比较母系遗传结构差异。结果表明：北美类群和亚洲类群之间差异较显著，而其余类群间则差异不显著，一方面说明亚欧大陆各地区马种之间母系基因渗透现象比较严重；另一方面一定程度上支持北美马种来自欧洲的论断。构建的Median Joining网络聚类图显示，所有家马的母系起源于A-G 7个单倍型群，进一步支持家马多重母系起源的观点。并且，家马各单倍型群都是由多个地理区间上分布的家马混杂而成的，即未发现由单独一种地理区间的家马构成的单倍型群，即地理位置、母系构成以及母性起源之间没有明显的相互关系。

关键词: 遗传基础, 遗传基础

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to analyze the genetically structural differences of different geographical domestic horses and provide some molecular biology evidences for the maternal origins and domestication of the horses. The better knowledge about it was helpful for the evaluation of the genetic resources of the horses. We investigated the complete mitochondrial Cytb sequence of 36 samples from four horse breeds, Mongolian horse, Xinihe horse, Sanhe horse and Thoroughbred by amplification and direct sequencing. Combining with all the horse Cytb sequences deposited in GenBank, a total of 219 horse Cytb sequences were collected. 86 different haplotypes with 80 polymorphic sites were revealed with the analysis of the total Cytb sequences, and the haplotype diversity and the nucleotide diversity were 0.946 and 0.00454, respectively, indicating abundant genetic diversity in domestic horses. For the first time, we analyzed the differences of horse maternal structure in different geographic areas based on Cytb sequences, by dividing the total samples into North American, West European, East European, Middle East, Central Asian and East Asian groups. It was shown that the significant differences were only observed between North American group and three Asian groups. On the one hand, it indicated that the ingression within the horses in the Eurasian continent was great; on the other hand, it supported the assertion that the domesticated horses of North America originated from Europe to some extent. Seven distinct haplogroups (A-G) were revealed in the founded Median Joining network, supporting the multiple maternal origins of the horses. Moreover, all the seven horse haplogroups were composed of horses from several different geographic regions. Besides, there was no obvious correspondence between the geographic regions, maternal structure, and maternal origins among all the domesticated horses around the world.