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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2013, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (25): 136-141.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0467

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

三七在西双版纳引种适应性试验初报

王艳芳 李戈 唐玲 李荣英 杨春勇   

  • 收稿日期:2013-02-25 修回日期:2013-03-27 出版日期:2013-09-05 发布日期:2013-09-05
  • 基金资助:
    中国医学科学院药用植物研究所云南分所所长基金

Preliminary research on introduction and cultivation adaptability of Panax notoginseng （Burk.）F.H.Chen in Xishuangbanna.

  • Received:2013-02-25 Revised:2013-03-27 Online:2013-09-05 Published:2013-09-05

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摘要： 摘 要：为了研究三七在西双版纳引种适应性，通过查阅文献及实地调查对比西双版纳和三七主产地文山气候特征，设计不同海拔三七种子直播实验，不同遮阴度、不同土壤类型三七种苗种植试验，观察育苗和种植实验三七生长情况，包括出苗时间、出苗率、存苗率，观测不同生长年限三七植株株高及二年生三七物候期和结实情况。结果表明，西双版纳具有与文山相似的气候特征； 3个海拔（景洪582 m、易武895 m、勐海1215 m）三七种子直播育苗试验表明，勐海海拔1215 m三七种子育苗出苗率高(90.89%)，植株生长健康；3个遮阴度(60%、70%、80%)试验表明，80%遮阴度植株叶片颜色深绿，生长相对健康；3个土壤类型（粘土、沙壤土、粘壤土）试验表明，沙壤土三七苗存苗率高，9月末仍有57.31%。三七种苗2010年12月份从文山移栽到版纳勐海地区，2011年3月初出苗，3—4月进入地上部分生长期，6—7月孕蕾期，8月花期，9—11月果期，与文山地区三七物候期基本相似。二年生三七可以正常开花结果，结果率为19.27%，结实率为49.78%。通过研究得出，西双版纳部分地区可以成为三七引种适应地，具体要求最适海拔不低于1200m，遮阴度不低于80%，适宜土壤类型为沙壤土。

关键词: 花粉生活力, 花粉生活力

Abstract: Abstract: In order to explore the introduction and cultivation adaptability of Panax notoginseng (Burk.)F.H.Chen in Xishuangbanna. Literature review and field surveys were used to compare the climate characteristics between Xishuangbanna and Wenshan, the main cultivation region of Panax notoginseng; Different elevations were designed for seeding experiment, different shade degree treatments and soil texture types were designed for cultivating experiment of Panax notoginseng. Then we observed its seeding and cultivating result, including seedling emerged time, seedling emerged rate, survival number, we also observed its plant height of different years old plant,and biological characteristics and phenology period of two years old plant. The result showed that Xishuangbanna and Wenshan had a similar climate characteristics; Seeding result among the three elevation(Jinghong 582m, Yiwu 895m, Menghai 1215m )showed that the elevation of 1215min above sea level Menghai had the highest seedling emergence rate (90.89%), and the seedling grown healthy. The three shade degree (60%, 70%, 80%) treatment showed Panax notoginseng had dark green leaves and relatively healthy growth under a 80% shade degree treatment; The three soil texture types (clay, sandy loam, clay loam) tests showed Panax notoginseng had a higher survival rate on the sand loam, there was still 57.31% plants left in the end of September. The seedlings were transplanted from Wenshan to Menghai of Xishuangbanna in December 2010, it got into seedling emergence stage in early March 2011, growing stage from late march to April, bud stage from June to July, flowering stage in August, fruiting stage from September to November, all of the results showed Panax notoginseng had a similar phenophase in the two district. The two years old plant had a reproductive capacity, the fruiting rate was 19.29%, the seeding rate was 49.78%. Finaly, we got a conclude, that some areas in Xishuangbanna had a introduction and cultivation adaptability for Panax notoginseng. Specific requirements included as fowolls: the optimum elevation was below 1200m, the shade degree was not less than 80%, the suitable soil type was sandy loam.