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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2013, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (32): 315-320.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0501

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

民勤绿洲农田荒漠化对土壤性质和作物产量的影响

魏林源 刘立超 唐卫东 马全林 高艳红 杨昊天   

  • 收稿日期:2013-02-27 修回日期:2013-04-03 出版日期:2013-11-15 发布日期:2013-11-15
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点基础研究发展计划资助

Effects of Farmland Desertification on Soil Properties and Crop Yields in Minqin Oasis

  • Received:2013-02-27 Revised:2013-04-03 Online:2013-11-15 Published:2013-11-15

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摘要： 为了揭示农田荒漠化程度对土壤养分、机械组成、温度、水分以及玉米生物量的影响，在巴丹吉林沙漠东南缘，选择5种不同荒漠化程度的农田为样地，即：正常农田、轻度荒漠化、中度荒漠化、重度荒漠化、极严重荒漠化。对土壤性质进行了测定分析。结果表明，随着农田荒漠化程度的加重，土壤机械组成呈现粗粒化特征，土壤养分、机械组成等均呈现下降趋势，玉米生物量也随着下降。其中极严重荒漠化与正常农田相比，其土壤粘粒、有机质、水分、全养分、速效养分、电导率、水溶液提pH、生物量、粒数分别下降27.3%、29.78%、24%~39%、1.9%~46.8%、63.4%、3.8%、0.98~52.2 g、223粒，土壤表层0 cm处的温度高6℃，0~30 cm处，土壤含水率下降4.81%。严重荒漠化农田土壤性质以及生物量都低于其他荒漠化农田。

关键词: 烟叶质量, 烟叶质量

Abstract: According to sand accumulation condition in ridge and furrow and wind erosion in cropland, five plots with different desertification degree (non-desertification, weak desertification, moderate desertification, serious desertification and extremely serious desertification) were carefully selected to study the effects of desertification on the soil properties and crop production in Minqin oasis, southeastern fringe of the Badanjilin desert. The results showed that, the desertification of the farmland lead to the soil coarsening, nutrient loss and hence the decreasing of the crop yields. Comparing with that without desertification, the content of clay, organic matter, soil water contend, total nutrient, rapidly available nutrient, electrical conductivity, pH value and crop yields decreased by 27.3%, 29.78%, 24%-39%, 1.9%-46.8%, 63.4%, 3.8%, 0.98-52.2 g, respectively, in the farmland with extremely serious desertification. And also, the soil surface temperature increased by 6℃. The study suggested that the effective sand control projects, such as the farmland shelter-belt, will benefit the farmland yields in the oasis.