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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 99-105.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1823

所属专题： 小麦

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

播期对小麦冬前幼苗生长和积温的调控效应

徐 晖,崔怀洋,张 伟,李春燕,郭文善,朱新开   

  1. (扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/扬州大学小麦研究中心,江苏扬州 225009）
  • 收稿日期:2014-07-01 修回日期:2014-07-01 接受日期:2014-08-08 出版日期:2015-03-19 发布日期:2015-03-19
  • 通讯作者: 朱新开
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“南方稻茬小麦氮素高效利用的‘光-苗-根-土’互馈调控机制”(31271642)；“十二五”国家科技支撑计划“江苏稻麦大面积均衡增产技术集成研究与示范”(2012BAD04B08)；省科技支撑（农业）计划“稻茬晚播小麦抗逆高产栽培技术研究与示范推广”(BE2012467)；江苏省“333工程”科研项目“南方稻茬晚播小麦高产清洁精简栽培调控途径及其生理机制研究”(BRA2012143)；江苏高校优势学科建设工程和江苏高校优秀科技创新团队。

Effects of Sowing Date on Seedling Growth Characteristics and Accumulated Temperature Before Wintering Stage of Wheat

Xu Hui, Cui Huaiyang, Zhang Wei, Li Chunyan, Guo Wenshan, Zhu Xinkai   

  1. (Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Wheat Research Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009)
  • Received:2014-07-01 Revised:2014-07-01 Accepted:2014-08-08 Online:2015-03-19 Published:2015-03-19

摘要： 为了研究播期对小麦冬前幼苗生长和积温的调控效应，以‘光明麦1号’为试验材料，设计不同播期试验，旨在探讨播期对春性小麦冬前幼苗生长发育和积温的影响。结果表明，随播期推迟，出苗率下降，且冬前积温降低，显著影响小麦冬前生育进程，植株叶龄减小，分蘖发生数下降，LAI和干物质积累降低。播种至出苗阶段日均温与出苗天数呈指数相关关系，出苗至越冬始期≥0℃积温与此期天数、叶龄、茎蘖数、LAI和干物质积累呈显著线性正相关。本试验条件下，播期每推迟6天左右，播种至出苗日均温下降1.0~2.5℃，≥0℃积温上升5~15℃，播种至出苗所需天数延长2~5天，出苗至分蘖所需天数延长1~10天，出苗至越冬始期的天数缩短6~11天，出苗率下降1.5~3.5个百分点，越冬始期叶龄减少0.4~1.0，茎蘖数、叶面积指数和干物质积累分别下降100~150万/hm2、0.04~0.51和30~200 kg/hm2。实现春性小麦壮苗的冬前≥0℃积温为500~670℃，适宜播期10月23日—11月4日，最适播期是10月27日—10月29日。

关键词: 沙冬青 土壤种子库 空间分布, 沙冬青 土壤种子库 空间分布

Abstract: The paper aims to study the effect of sowing date on seedling growth characteristics and accumulated temperature (AT) (≥0℃) of springness wheat ‘Guangmingmai 1’. The results showed that the emergence rate was declined, and AT (≥0℃) reduced along with the sowing date delayed; leaf age, tiller number, LAI and dry matter accumulation significantly decreased along with the sowing date delayed. There was an exponential correlation between the average daily temperature (ADT) and the days from sowing to seedling emergence. AT (≥0℃) from sowing date to before-wintering stage had significantly positive linear correlation with growing days, leaf age, tiller number, LAI and dry matter accumulation from seeding date to before-winter stage. Under this experimental condition, with sowing date delayed six days or so, some characteristics were changed from sowing to seedling stage, for example, ADT was decreased 1.0-2.5℃, and AT (≥0℃) was increased 5-15℃, emergence time was extended 2-5 days, and emergence rate was declined 1.5%-3.5%. To achieve robust seedlings of springness wheat, the suitable AT (≥0℃) and sowing date were 500-670℃ and from October 23th to November 4th under this experimental condition, and the optimum sowing date was October 27th-29th.