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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 230-235.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2132

所属专题： 油料作物

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

安徽省沿淮大豆种植区氮磷流失特征研究

路 青1,马友华1,胡善宝1,张维维1,吴 靓1,付碧玉1,斯黔东2   

  1. (1安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,合肥 230036；2淮南市农业技术推广中心,安徽淮南 232000）
  • 收稿日期:2014-08-05 修回日期:2015-04-03 接受日期:2014-11-14 出版日期:2015-05-06 发布日期:2015-05-06
  • 通讯作者: 马友华
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划“南方平原稻作农区农业面源污染防控技术集成与示范”(2012BAD15B03)。

Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Runoff-losses in Bean-planted Region Along the Huaihe River of Anhui Province

Lu Qing1, Ma Youhua1, Hu Shanbao1, Zhang Weiwei1, Wu Liang1, Fu Biyu1, Si Qiandong2   

  1. (1College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036;2Huainan Agricultural Generalization of Technology Center, Huainan Anhui 232000)
  • Received:2014-08-05 Revised:2015-04-03 Accepted:2014-11-14 Online:2015-05-06 Published:2015-05-06

摘要： 为了探明沿淮地区大豆农民常规施肥种植过程中的氮磷流失情况，采用径流池法，通过2008—2012年野外径流小区试验，研究沿淮大豆种植区大豆生长季氮磷流失特征。5年监测结果表明：大豆种植季处于沿淮地区全年降雨旺盛时期，降雨量占全年降雨量的45.4%~73.27%；大豆生产季农田产流量表现为不施肥空白处理>常规处理，不施肥空白处理大豆生长季径流量和产流系数分别为173.293~34.639 mm和8.27%~33.68%，常规施肥处理大豆生长季径流量和产流系数分别为175.366~30.347 mm和5.72%~34.08%；大豆种植生长季常规施肥处理总氮流失量为1.58~14.93 kg/hm2，总氮流失率为0.44%~5.66%，硝态氮流失比例为总氮的40.63%~64.59%，铵态氮流失比例为3.66%~18.16%；大豆种植生长季常规施肥处理总磷流失量为0.033~0.56 kg/hm2，常规施肥处理总磷流失率为0.17%~0.27%，可溶性磷流失比例为总磷的31.08%~53.31%。

关键词: 伊通县, 伊通县

Abstract: In order to make clear about the Nitrogen and Phosphorus runoff-losses in bean-planted that bean is planted by the normal farmers and used the normal fertilizer, a field trail was carried out to investigate characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff-losses in bean-planted region along the Huaihe River of Anhui Province during the bean growing season using surface runoff ponds from 2008 to 2012. The results of five years experiments showed: the season of bean growing was in an abundant rainfall period of every year, about 45.4%-73.27% of volume rainfall of whole year. The results of the volume of surface runoff showed CK > CF during the bean growing season, the volume and rate of rainfall of CK were 173.293-34.639 mm and 8.27%-33.68%, the statistics of CF were 175.366-30.347 mm and 5.72%-34.08%. The concentration of total nitrogen and TN runoff rate of N-fertilizer of CF during the bean growing were 1.58-14.93 kg/hm2 and 0.44%-5.66%, NO3-/TN of surface runoff was 40.63%-64.59%, NH4 /TN of surface runoff was 3.66%-18.16%. The concentration of total phosphorus and TP runoff rate of P-fertilizer of CF during the bean growing were 0.033-0.56 kg/hm2 and 0.17%-0.27%, DTP/TP of surface runoff was 31.08%-53.31%.