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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (16): 52-56.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010084

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

N、P、K、Ca缺素培养对辣木幼苗生长的影响

李 玲1,殷振华1,2,亚华金1,李海泉1,2,刘昌芬1,2   

  1. (1云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪 666100；2中国-古巴辣木科技合作中心,云南景洪 666100）
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-14 修回日期:2015-02-11 接受日期:2015-02-26 出版日期:2015-07-27 发布日期:2015-07-27
  • 通讯作者: 殷振华
  • 基金资助:
    农业部国际合作司专项“农业技术试验示范专项经费”(2130106)；云南省科技厅国际合作处“云南省辣木国际联合研究中心”[云财教(2014)335]。

Influence of N, P, K, Ca Deficiency on Growth of Moringa oleifera Lam Seedlings

Li Ling1, Yin Zhenhua1,2, Ya Huajin1, Li Haiquan1,2, Liu Changfen1,2   

  1. (1Yunnan Tropical Crops Research Institute, Jinghong Yunnan 666100;2China-Cuba Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Moringa Oleifera, Jinghong Yunnan 666100)
  • Received:2015-01-14 Revised:2015-02-11 Accepted:2015-02-26 Online:2015-07-27 Published:2015-07-27

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摘要： 探究营养元素N、P、K、Ca缺素培养时，辣木幼苗表现出的营养缺乏症状和对生长的影响，为辣木的营养诊断和优质高效栽培提供理论依据。试验采用砂培盆栽法，设置全素(CK)、缺氮(-N)、缺磷(-P)、缺钾(-K)和缺钙(-Ca)5个处理，对不同缺素处理的幼苗症状进行观察，测定其苗高净生长量、茎粗和叶数。结果表明，辣木幼苗缺氮时症状出现最早，表现最为明显，主要为叶片小、全株淡黄色、植株矮小、长势较弱，缺磷、缺钾幼苗则无明显症状。在缺氮、缺磷、缺钾、缺钙处理下，辣木幼苗的苗高净生长量、茎粗均低于全素，其中缺氮对苗高净生长量和茎粗影响最大，N离子是限制辣木伸长和茎粗增长的主要影响因子。缺素对辣木幼苗叶数影响不明显。说明氮、磷、钾、钙缺乏对辣木幼苗生长造成一定程度的影响，但影响程度不同，缺氮影响最大。

关键词: 平凉, 平凉

Abstract: This study was conducted to explore the effects on Moringa oleifera seedling growth and nutrition deficiency symptoms under the cultivation condition of nutrient elements N, P, K, Ca deficiency, provide theory basis for Moringa oleifera nutrition diagnosis as well as high quality and efficiency cultivation. Sand pot method was used to carry out the experiment and five treatments were set to find out the response of Moringa oleifera seedling to different nutrient deficiency. The treatments were as follows: vegan (CK), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) deficiency, lack of potassium (K) and calcium (Ca). The seedling’s high net growth, the number of thick stems and leaves were measured. The results showed that the earliest deficiency symptoms of Moringa oleifera seedlings, which were the most obvious, were observed in N deficiency, and mainly appeared on leaf, the whole plant was light yellow, looked like a small plant and weak. No obvious symptoms were observed in seedlings that were lack of P and K. As to the treatments of N, P, K and Ca deficiency, Moringa oleifera seedlings’ high net growth and stem diameter were lower than that of vegan treatment groups, in which, N deficiency had the most significant influence on seedling high net increment and thick stems, suggesting that N element was the primary limiting factor to Moringa oleifera elongation and stem diameter growth. The effects of deficiency on Moringa oleifera seedling leaf number were not obvious. The results indicated that N, P, K, and Ca deficiency would have impact on Moringa oleifera seedlings to some extent, but not obvious, while nitrogen deficiency had the greatest impact on Moringa oleifera seedlings.