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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (27): 276-284.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010099

• 三农研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

农户采用测土配方肥行为的影响因素分析——以山东省平原县为例

魏建林,董筱丹,谭德水,江丽华,崔荣宗,肖建军   

  1. 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部黄淮海平原农业环境重点实验室,山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,山东省平原县农业局
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-15 修回日期:2015-08-30 接受日期:2015-07-14 出版日期:2015-09-23 发布日期:2015-09-23
  • 通讯作者: 魏建林
  • 基金资助:
    IPNI国际合作项目 “山东省基于产量反应和农学效率的小麦玉米推荐施肥” (NMBF-Shandong-2012)； 公益性行业 （农业） 科研专项 “主要粮食作物氮素化肥高效利用技术研究与示范” (201203079)； 山东省自主创新专项项目 “基于农业物联网的智慧农业系统集成与示范—精准施肥信息化关键技术集成与示范” (2012CX90202)； 山东省农业科学院青年科研基金项目 “小麦/玉米两季秸秆全还田土壤钾库动态变化研究” (2015YQN38)； 山东省科技发展计划项目 “山东省小麦一次性施肥产品研发与应用技术研究” (2014GNC112003)。

Studies on the Factors Influencing Farmers Adopting Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization——Based on the Survey Data of Pingyuan County of Shandong Province

  • Received:2015-01-15 Revised:2015-08-30 Accepted:2015-07-14 Online:2015-09-23 Published:2015-09-23

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摘要： 为了研究农户采用测土配方肥情况及影响因素， 为促进测土配方施肥技术的实施提供参考， 笔者利用山东省粮食主产区平原县的 142户农户调查问卷数据， 进行表观及交互表法统计分析。结果显示， 当地农业生产中测土配方施肥技术农户采用比例仅为 38%。从采用配方肥的影响因素看， 男性采用配方肥的比例明显高于女性， 年龄越大采用配方肥的比例越低。文化程度越高、 有过村干部和经常在外打工经历的农民越倾向于采用配方肥。同时经营耕地面积越大、 种植业收入占总收入比例越大的农户越倾向于采用配方肥。而政府对于测土配方施肥技术的宣传力度、 示范户的设置、 施肥卡的发放、 配方肥销售点的分布都对农户采用配方肥的行为有着促进作用， 其中通过人际传播获取的信息对于农户采用该项技术起到了决策作用， 而是否设置有配方肥销售点则为当地农户采用配方肥最为关键的因素。从市场环境因素看， 普通肥料销售点分布密集， 肥料供应品种众多， 肥料销售商之间竞争激烈， 是影响农户测土配方肥采用的客观因素。笔者最后简要分析了施肥现状的相关原因并据此提出了相应的对策建议。

关键词: 弹尾虫, 弹尾虫, 全球变化, 环境指示作用, 生态风险评价

Abstract: In order to study the influencing factors on soil testing and formulated fertilizer (STFF) usage and provide reference for the development of relevant technique, statistical analysis was made according to 142 valid rural residents’questionnaires from Pingyuan County in Shandong Province. The results showed that the application proportion of STFF was only 38% . From the aspect of influencing factors, male farmers had a higher application proportion of STFF than female. The elder had a lower application proportion. People, who were well- educated or had experience of village cadres and working outside, tended to choose STFF. Application proportion of formulated fertilizer increased with the increase of the area of farmland or the proportion of farming income in total income. The government powerful publicity, demonstration households setting, distribution of fertilization card and wide distribution of sale points all could improve the behavior of STFF. Information transmission between farmers was the crucial factor, and whether there were local sale points of formulated fertilizer was the key factor. From the aspect of market environment, the intensively distributed retail points of ordinary fertilizer, numerous varieties of fertilizer products and fierce competition between dealers were the objective factors on farmers’adoption of STFF. In the end, the related causes of fertilization situation were analyzed and corresponding suggestions were proposed in this paper.