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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (24): 63-68.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050061

所属专题： 玉米

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥减量对东北坡岗地土壤养分及玉米产量的影响

韩瑞芸1,刘志发2,杨世琦1,陈 哲1,杨正礼1   

  1. (1中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部农业环境与气候变化重点开放实验室,北京 100081；2黑龙江省方正县农业技术推广中心,哈尔滨 150800）
  • 收稿日期:2016-05-12 修回日期:2016-06-16 接受日期:2016-06-24 出版日期:2016-08-29 发布日期:2016-08-29
  • 通讯作者: 杨世琦
  • 基金资助:
    水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项“松干流域粮食主产区农田面源污染全过程控制技术集成与综合示范课题”(2014ZX07201-009)。

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction on Soil Nutrient and Corn Yield of Northeast Slope Land

Han Ruiyun1, Liu Zhifa2, Yang Shiqi1, Chen Zhe1, Yang Zhengli1   

  1. (1Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy ofAgricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Climate Change, Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing 100081; 2The Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Fangzheng County Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150800)
  • Received:2016-05-12 Revised:2016-06-16 Accepted:2016-06-24 Online:2016-08-29 Published:2016-08-29

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摘要： 为探讨东北黑土区玉米合理的施肥方式，减少化肥过量施用导致的氮素流失造成的环境风险，为氮肥的合理利用提供依据，在黑龙江省方正县布置田间小区试验，设置5个试验处理，研究不同施肥量对黑土区玉米地养分含量的影响，以及不同施肥量对玉米产量的影响。结果显示：减肥25%处理玉米产量最高。施氮量越大，硝态氮残留量越大，5个处理硝态氮含量在玉米不同生长阶段不同土层呈显著变化。肥料的减量对碱解氮含量的变化影响不显著。随土层深度的增加，土壤碱解氮和硝态氮均呈显著下降趋势。氮肥施用量的减少对土壤中有机质含量影响不显著。化肥的减量对土壤表层速效磷含量基本无影响，对10~30 cm土层速效磷含量影响与施肥量无明显规律性关系。综合考虑玉米产量和生态环境效益，以减肥25%为最佳施用量。

关键词: 暴雨时空特征, 暴雨时空特征, 中尺度分析技术, 环流形势, 概念模型
中图分类号：S165+.25 文献标志码：A 论文编号：casb14110133

Abstract: The paper aims to explore rational fertilization method for corn production in northeast black earth region, reduce nitrogen loss caused by excessive application of fertilizer, and provide basis for rational application of nitrogen fertilizer. The authors set up five treatments in Fangzheng County, Heilongjiang Province, to study the effect of different fertilizer application amounts on soil nutrient and maize yield in black earth region. The results showed that the treatment of 25% fertilizer reduction had the highest corn yield. The nitrate nitrogen residual quantity increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application amount, nitrate nitrogen content showed significant differences among different maize growth periods and soil layers. Fertilizer reduction had little effect on available nitrogen content. Nitrate nitrogen and available nitrogen content all showed decrease trend with the increase of soil layer. The reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application amount had no significant effect on soil organic matter. The reduction of fertilizer had little effect on soil available phosphorus in surface soil, soil available phosphorus in 10-30 cm soil layer and fertilizer application amount had no obvious regularity. Considering maize yield and ecological environmental benefits, the treatment of 25% fertilizer reduction was the best.

中图分类号: