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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 98-103.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120148

所属专题： 园艺

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同硝态氮供应水平对平邑甜茶生长及 氮素吸收利用和分配特性的影响

沙建川,葛顺峰,丰艳广,陈建明,姜远茂   

  1. 山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院
  • 收稿日期:2016-12-30 修回日期:2017-02-20 接受日期:2017-03-08 出版日期:2018-02-01 发布日期:2018-02-01
  • 通讯作者: 姜远茂
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“苹果氮素高效利用的根层土壤氮素调控机制”(31501713)；国家重点研发计划“苹果化肥农药减施增效技术集成研究 与示范”(2016YFD0201100)；国家现代农业产业技术体系建设资金项目“苹果营养诊断与施肥”(CARS-28)。

Effects on Growth and 15N Absorption, Utilization and Distribution of Malus hupehensis Under Different Nitrate Nitrogen Levels

  • Received:2016-12-30 Revised:2017-02-20 Accepted:2017-03-08 Online:2018-02-01 Published:2018-02-01

摘要： 氮的吸收和合理分配对果树生长发育和产量及品质的形成具有重要作用，适宜供氮可实现植物的最适生长，充分挖掘植物的生长潜力。以平邑甜茶幼苗为试材，利用15N同位素示踪技术，在砂培盆栽条件下研究不同硝态氮供应水平（0.00、4.00、8.00、12.00、16.00、20.00、24.00 mmol/LNO3-，分别用N0、N1、N2、N3、N4、N5、N6表示）对植株生长及植株氮素吸收、利用和分配特性的影响。结果表明：随着供氮水平的提高，平邑甜茶幼苗的生物量、叶绿素(SPAD)、叶面积、根系长度、根表总面积、根尖数、根系活力、植株全氮均是先升高后降低，分别在N3处理达到最高水平；Ndff 值、15N吸收量、氮肥利用率随着供氮水平提高均是一直降低。在低氮(N1~N2)条件下，15N主要分布在叶片，N1、N2处理分别51.39%、45.90%，其次 是根、茎。高氮(N4~N6)条件下，15N开始向根部转移，N4、N5、N6处理分别占43.80%、45.40%、51.46%。综合考虑在保证氮肥利用率较高的同时，Hoagland 营养液硝态氮浓度在12.00 mmol/L水平时，显著促进了平邑甜茶幼苗的生长、根系的发生和氮素的吸收，各器官氮素分配比较均匀，平邑甜茶幼苗生长最适。

关键词: 苎麻, 苎麻, 木质纤维, 成分含量, 水土保持

Abstract: The absorption and rational distribution of nitrogen play an important role in growth and yield and quality of fruit trees. Suitable nitrogen application can realize the optimum growth of plants, and fully tap the growth potential of plants. Malus hupehensis seedlings and 15N trace technique were used to explore plant growth and the characteristics of absorption, distribution and utilization of N under different nitrate nitrogen levels (0.00, 4.00, 8.00, 12.00, 16.00, 20.00 and 24.00 mmol/L NO3- , taken as N0, N1, N2, N3, N4, N5 and N6, respectively). The main results were as follows: with the improvement of nitrogen levels, chlorophyll (SPAD), leaf area, biomass, root length, root surface area, number of root tips, root activity and total nitrogen of Malus hupehensis seedlings first increased then decreased, rose to their highest level at 12.00 mmol/L NO3- ; Ndff% values, 15N uptake and nitrogen use efficiency decreased with the improvement of nitrogen level. In low N levels (N1~N2), 15N was mainly distributed in leaf, 51.39% under treatment N1 and 45.9% under treatment N2, followed by that in root and stem. Under high N levels (N4~N6), 15N was transferred to root and accounted for 43.80%, 45.40% and 51.46% in N4, N5 and N6 respectively. To ensure the high nitrogen use efficiency at the same time, Hoagland nutrient nitrate nitrogen concentration of 12.00 mmol/L could significantly improve the growth of Malus hupehensis and plant root, the nitrogen distribution in each organ was relatively uniform and the growth was the best.

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