Abstract: To clarify the species composition and distribution characteristics of underground pests in field of different crops in Hebei under the existing farming system, the authors investigated the underground pests of main crops in different regions of Hebei from 2011 to 2014 by digging method. The results showed that: the general occurrence characteristics of underground pests were obviously different in different years and the grubs and wireworms accounted for 80%-90% of all underground pest species; there were great differences in the occurrence of underground pests in different areas, the number of insect pests in Bashang area and coastal area was relatively low, (0.96±0.11) and (2.31±0.75) head/m2, respectively, while the mountain front plain had big insect quantity reaching (8.09±3.28) head/m2. According to the occurrence of pests in different crop fields, potato and naked oats field were dominated by wireworms which accounted for 60%- 70% of all the underground pests; wheat and corn fields were dominated by grub, accounting for 75%-80%; grub were the dominant species in peanut field, accounting for more than 90%. According to the influence of various factors such as distribution area, soil structure and crop species, the authors put forward the classified control strategies of underground pests in different regions.