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中国农学通报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (28): 38-42.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070147

所属专题: 园艺

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

水肥一体肥料减量对大棚番茄产量、品质和氮肥利用率的影响

王文军,朱克保,叶寅,蒋光月   

  1. 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所/安徽省养分循环与资源环境省级实验室,安徽省芜湖县农技中心,安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所/安徽省养分循环与资源环境省级实验室,安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所/安徽省养分循环与资源环境省级实验室
  • 收稿日期:2017-07-31 修回日期:2017-08-15 接受日期:2017-09-26 出版日期:2018-10-11 发布日期:2018-10-11
  • 通讯作者: 王文军
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省农业科学院学科建设项目“基于减量增效施肥的设施蔬菜土肥水管理关键技术研究与集成”(16A1030);安徽省科技厅项目“养分循 环与资源环境安徽省重点实验室绩效评价补助”(1606c08231)。

Effect of Reducing Fertilizer Application on Yield, Quality and Fertilizer Utilization of Greenhouse Cultivation Tomato under Integration of Water and Fertilizer

  • Received:2017-07-31 Revised:2017-08-15 Accepted:2017-09-26 Online:2018-10-11 Published:2018-10-11

摘要: 针对安徽省设施番茄生产中肥料施用量大、施肥方法不科学等问题,以安徽省芜湖县设施番茄为研究对象,探讨水肥一体化措施下减量施肥对番茄产量、产值、品质、养分吸收和氮肥利用效率的影响,以期为区域设施番茄合理水肥管理提供理论和技术支持。研究结果表明:与菜农习惯水肥管理相比,水肥一体氮肥减量20%-40%或氮磷钾肥各减量20%都能够提高番茄产量、产值和利润;影响番茄品质因子较多,在本试验施肥量下,水肥一体减量施肥番茄可溶性总糖、可溶性固形物含量下降,Vc含量增高,适当减少肥料用量有利于番茄红素含量的提高,减肥幅度过大,番茄红素含量下降;水肥一体减量施肥能提高氮肥当季利用率。综合番茄产量、品质和氮肥利用效率,在本试验条件下, N 240kg/hm2、P2O5 144 kg/hm2、K2O 240 kg/hm2 是较为合适的用量。笔者认为,尽管优化施肥、水肥一体化减量施肥能提高氮肥利用效率,但设施番茄的氮肥利用率仍较低,氮肥利用率的提高仍有一定的潜力。

Abstract: To provide scientific management methods of water and fertilizer application, the effects of reducing fertilizer application on yield, output, quality, nutrient uptake and nitrogen utilization efficiency of greenhouse cultivation tomato under integration of water and fertilizer were studied in view of the problems such as excessive and unfavorable fertilization in Wuhu County, Anhui Province. The results showed that: compared with the conventional management system of water and fertilizer, the reduction of 20%-40% N or 20% N, P, K respectively under integration of water and fertilizer could increase yield, output and profit of tomato. There were many influence factors on tomato quality, under this soil fertility condition and fertilization rate, soluble sugar and total soluble solid content decreased, Vc content increased, proper reduction of fertilizer rate was beneficial to increasing the content of lycopene, too much reduction of fertilizer rate decreased lycopene content; reducing fertilizer application under integration of water and fertilizer could increase N fertilizer use efficiency. Considering tomato yield, quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency, the appropriate rates of N, P2O5, K2O were 240, 144, 240 kg/hm2 under this soil fertility condition and fertilization rate, respectively. The authors pointed out that although optimum fertilization, reducing fertilizer application under integration of water and fertilizer could enhance nitrogen use efficiency, the nitrogen use efficiency of greenhouse cultivation tomato was still very low, there was still certain potential to improve the utilization rate of nitrogen.

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