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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (30): 12-19.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080004

所属专题： 小麦

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

水氮耦合对滴灌冬小麦光合特性、产量及水氮利用效率的影响

薛丽华,赵连佳,孙诗仁   

  1. 新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所
  • 收稿日期:2017-08-01 修回日期:2018-09-29 接受日期:2017-10-24 出版日期:2018-10-31 发布日期:2018-10-31
  • 通讯作者: 薛丽华
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金“‘水氮一体’化对冬小麦根系及植株生长调控的影响”(2016D01A047)。

Effects of Water-nitrogen Coupling on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat Under Drip Irrigation

  • Received:2017-08-01 Revised:2018-09-29 Accepted:2017-10-24 Online:2018-10-31 Published:2018-10-31

摘要： 旨在明确水氮耦合对滴灌下超高产冬小麦光合特性和产量的影响。本研究采用裂区试验，研究了3种灌水量2775 m3/hm2(W1)、3900 m3/hm2(W2)、4350 m3/hm2(W3)水平与3 种施氮量0 kg/hm2(N0)、180 kg/hm2(N1)、270 kg/hm2(N2)水平对‘新冬41 号’旗叶叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量、光合速率、水分利用效率以及产量的影响。结果表明，水氮同时增加对花后旗叶叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量、旗叶光合速率，水分利用效率和产量的提高比仅增加水或氮的作用更大，均以W2N2、W3N2处理花后旗叶叶绿素（分别较W1N0增加44.5%、41.2%）和可溶性蛋白含量（分别较W1N0增加20.8%、16.85%）、光合速率（分别较W1N0增加46.4%、54.5%）、水分利用效率（分别较W1N0 增加31.9%、34.7%）和产量（分别较W1N0 增加19.05%、20.86%）较高，W2N2、W3N2处理的旗叶光合性能大幅度提高是其产量较高的重要原因。综合水氮利用效率，W2N2(3900 m3/hm2、270 kg/hm2)是本试验条件下冬小麦产量近9000.0 kg/hm2的水氮高效运筹模式。

Abstract: The aim is to clarify the effect of water-nitrogen coupling on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of super-high yield winter wheat under drip irrigation. Split plot design was employed in this study. There were three treatments of drip irrigation levels: W1 (2775 m3/hm2), W2 (3900 m3/hm2) and W3 (4350 m3/hm2) and three nitrogen application amounts: N0 (0), N1 (180 kg/hm2) and N2 (270 kg/hm2). The effects of these treatments on chlorophyll and proteins contents of flag leaf, net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency and yield of ‘Xindong41’were studied. The results showed that the effect of water-nitrogen simultaneous increase was better than that of only water increase or only nitrogen increase on chlorophyll contents and soluble protein contents, photosynthetic rate of the flag leaves, water use efficiency and yield. The chlorophyll contents of the flag leaves (increased by 44.5%, 41.2% compared with W1N0), soluble protein contents (increased by 20.8%, 16.85% compared with W1N0), photosynthetic rate (increased by 46.4%, 54.5% compared with W1N0), water use efficiency (increased by 31.9%, 34.7% compared with W1N0) and yield (increased by 19.05%, 20.86% compared with W1N0) after flowering were higher with W2N2 and W3N2 treatments. The important reason of higher yield with W2N2 and W3N2 treatments was the greatly improved photosynthetic performance of the flag leaves. Taken together, W2N2 (3900 m3/hm2, 270 kg/hm2) was the optimal water and nitrogen model which gained nearly 9000.0 kg/hm2 wheat yield.