Abstract: To investigate the effect of water and fertilizer coupling on the growth of kidney bean in cold and arid region, the authors studied the effects of fertilization and plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation on water consumption characteristics, water use efficiency and yield of kidney bean in dryland by adopting the field test method. The results showed that: fertilization and plastic film mulched ridge- furrow cultivation significantly increased the yield compared with conventional fertilization during the abundant precipitation year with the pre-sowing moisture in good condition, the number of pods per plant was the key factor in increasing yield; the application of fertilizer could apparently increase the yield and improve the effect of WUE; the plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation could obviously reduce the consumption of soil water, so the effect of WUE by plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation was significantly improved. Water and nutrients were the key factors limiting crop growth in cold and arid region. Under the fertilization and plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation, the interaction effect of water and fertilizer is significant which could greatly improve the yield and WUE.