Abstract: The paper aims to improve the understanding of the formation mechanism of high temperature weather in Shanxi. Based on the meteorological observation data and NCEP reanalysis data from 2003 to 2016, the circulation characteristics and the time-space distribution characteristics of 107 regional high temperature weather processes in summer in Shanxi were analyzed, and numerical experiments were carried out to simulate and diagnose the possible causes of regional high temperature weather in Shanxi. The results indicated that: the spatial distribution of high temperature weather in Shanxi was closely related to topography and latitude, and high temperature days occurred more frequently in the south than that in the north and more in the basin than that in the mountains; continental warm high type, zonal circulation type, western Pacific sub-high type, and two troughs and one ridge type were the typical circulation situation of 500 hPa for high temperature in Shanxi, and two troughs and one ridge type occurred most frequently; when controlled by the continental warm high, the high temperature space was the largest, and the high temperature intensity was the highest when controlled by the western Pacific sub-high; the high resolution mesoscale numerical model could simulate the spatial distribution characteristics of surface temperature. Further analysis showed that: the diabatic heating term was the main cause of the high temperature weather caused by continental warm high type, western Pacific sub-high type, and two troughs and one ridge type, while the temperature advection term was the main factor for the formation of high temperature weather controlled by zonal circulation type.