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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11): 7-13.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120071

所属专题： 玉米

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

缓释尿素配施对高产夏玉米氮素吸收和产量的影响

白倩倩, 史桂清, 杨梦雅, 石书亚, 肖 凯   

  1. 河北农业大学农学院/河北省作物生长调控重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2017-12-15 修回日期:2019-03-20 接受日期:2018-03-22 出版日期:2019-04-15 发布日期:2019-04-15
  • 通讯作者: 肖 凯
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“太行山山前平原小麦-玉米节水高产增效栽培技术集成与示范”(2018YFD0300503)和河北省科技计划项目“河北平原 小麦-玉米轮作区高效施肥技术集成与示范”(162276433G)。

Controlled N Release Urea Combined Application Affects Plant Nitrogen Absorption and Yield of High-yield Summer Maize

  • Received:2017-12-15 Revised:2019-03-20 Accepted:2018-03-22 Online:2019-04-15 Published:2019-04-15

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摘要： 缓释氮肥通过相对缓慢释放肥效,具有增强植株氮素吸收利用和产量形成的效果。本研究通过设置不同缓释尿素配施处理大田试验,研究了等氮条件下不同缓释尿素配比处理对夏玉米氮素吸收和产量性状的影响。结果表明,与未施肥对照(CK)相比,普通氮素常规处理(T1)和配施缓释尿素处理(T2~T5)的硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性、植株干物重、氮累积量和吸收速率、产量构成因素、产量和氮肥利用效率均显著提高。与T1相比,T2~T5拔节期和大口期的NR和GS活性、植株干物重、氮累积量和吸收速率氮降低,但吐丝以后的各时期NR和GS活性、植株干物重、氮累积量和吸收速率增高。不同缓释尿素配施处理(T2~T5)相比,各生育时期的NR和GS活性随缓释尿素用量增多也随之增高；植株干物重、氮累积量在拔节和大口期表现为随缓释尿素用量增多也随之增大、在吐丝、灌浆和成熟期表现为随缓释尿素用量增多呈单峰曲线,大体以T3峰值最高。随缓释尿素用量增多,灌浆至成熟植株的氮累积量和氮吸收速率增大。与T1相比,T2~T5处理的穗粒数、千粒重和产量提高,以T3(50%缓释尿素底施+50% N尿素大口追施)的产量增幅最大。此外,配施缓释尿素处理T3和T4,成熟期收获指数和氮肥利用效率较常规尿素处理T1也明显提高。研究表明,以适当比例缓释尿素(50%总氮)底施配合常规尿素(50%总氮)大口追施,能协调植株各生育时期氮素需求,促进植株氮素吸收、利用,改善产量的形成能力。

关键词: 热风炉, 热风炉, STM32单片机, 模糊自适PID, Matlab, 稳定性率

Abstract: The nitrogen (N) fertilizer with controlled N release can effectively enhance N uptake and utilization of plants and improve the yield formation capacity. In this study, the effects of different controlled N release urea combined applications under equal nitrogen condition on nitrogen absorption and yield are studied by a field experiment. The results showed that compared with CK (no N fertilizer applied), all the N treatments including T1 (regular N treatment of urea) and T2 to T5 (controlled N release urea) enhanced NR, GS activity, plant dry matter, N accumulation amount, uptake rate, yield formation factor, yield and N fertilizer use efficiency. Compared with T1, treatments from T2 to T5 displayed lower activities of NR and GS, plant dry matter, N accumulative amount and uptake rate at stages of jointing and ear formation, but they were increased after spinning stage. Among the treatments from T2 to T5, NR and GS activities increased with the elevation of controlled N release fertilizer amount; plant dry matter and N accumulative amount increased with the increase of controlled release urea in stages of jointing and ear formation, but showed single peak curve in spinning, filling and maturity stage, and were the highest in T3. With the increase of controlled release urea, N accumulative amount and uptake rate were increased at the filling stage to maturity stage. Compared with T1, the spike numbers, per-1000 grain weight and yield of treatments from T2 to T5 were increased, and were the highest in T3 (50% controlled release urea of base application + 50% urea of dressing at ear formation stage). In addition, harvest index of T3 and T4 was significantly higher than that of T1. The results indicate that suitable controlled release urea application as base fertilizer (50%) and urea dressing ear formation stage (50%) could coordinate N demand in different growth stages, promote N uptake and utilization, as well as improve the yield formation capacity.