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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 58-65.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110059

所属专题： 园艺

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

滴灌条件下富士苹果树茎流速率变化规律研究

石美娟, 窦彦鑫, 任哲斌, 王芸芸, 何美美, 杨萍   

  1. 山西省农业科学院果树研究所
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-16 修回日期:2019-03-15 接受日期:2019-01-22 出版日期:2019-04-03 发布日期:2019-04-03
  • 通讯作者: 石美娟
  • 基金资助:
    山西省农科院攻关项目“滴灌条件下磷钾肥对矮砧密植苹果品质影响的研究”(YGG17034)；山西省重点研发项目“晋南优势水果有机旱作 关键技术研究与示范”(201703D211002-5-3)；山西省重点研发计划项目“特色果树功能性产品技术研发与示范”(201703D211011-3)。

The Change Law of Stem Flow Rate of Fuji Apple Tree Under Drip Irrigation

  • Received:2018-11-16 Revised:2019-03-15 Accepted:2019-01-22 Online:2019-04-03 Published:2019-04-03

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摘要： 摘 要：旨在了解矮砧密植富士苹果树体内茎流速率变化规律，为其制定合理的旱作节水灌溉制度提供理论基础。利用热扩散式探针法实时采集树体茎流速率数据，结合自动气象站监测所得各气象因子数据，设计不同灌水下限滴灌试验，进行气象因子等对茎流速率影响的试验研究。富士苹果树在4月份茎流速率最低平均值为2.07 mL/(cm2?h)]，到了6—7月份最大，平均值为9.56 mL/(cm2?h)]；生育期内茎流速率有明显昼夜变化规律，在晴天时变化规律呈单峰曲线，阴天时变化较平缓，多云天气时呈多峰曲线变化趋势。茎流速率变化规律与太阳辐射强度、大气温度和土壤温度变化均呈极显著正相关，相关系数分别为：0.9746、0.9389、0.9119；与大气湿度为显著负相关性；相关系数为-0.7526；茎流速率与土壤水分相关性不显著，但是降低土壤含水量会造成树体茎流速率的降低。富士苹果树干茎流速率与各气象因子间相关性由高到低排序为：太阳辐射强度＞大气温度＞土壤温度＞大气湿度＞土壤水分。以茎流速率为因变量，各个气象因子为自变量，经逐步回归线性分析得出茎流速率与太阳辐射强度和大气温度之间的回归方程：Y=-8.81+0.013X1+0.52X2。太阳辐射强度是影响树体茎流速率即蒸腾耗水的直接因素。

Abstract: The purpose is to understand the change law of stem flow rate of Fuji apple tree compactly planted with dwarfing rootstock, and to provide a theoretical basis for formulating a rational dry-farming water-saving irrigation system. The stem flow rate data were collected in real time by thermal dissipation probe method, combined with the meteorological factor data obtained from automatic weather station monitoring, the drip irrigation test with different lower irrigation limits was designed. The effects of meteorological factors on stem flow rate were studied. The lowest average value of stem flow rate was 2.07 mL/(cm2·h)], and the highest value appeared in June and July, it was 9.56 mL/(cm2 ·h)]. During the growth period, the stem flow rate showed obvious diurnal variation, which presented a single-peak curve in sunny day, a relatively gently change in wet day, and a multi-peak curve in cloudy day. The variation law of stem flow rate was significantly and positively correlated with solar radiation intensity, atmospheric temperature and soil temperature, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9746, 0.9389 and 0.9119, respectively; but it was a significantly negative correlation with atmospheric relative humidity, and the correlation coefficient was -0.7526. There was no significant correlation between stem flow rate and soil moisture, but the decrease of soil moisture content would reduce stem flow rate. The correlation between stem flow rate of Fuji apple and meteorological factors ranked from high to low as the solar radiation intensity＞atmospheric temperature＞soil temperature＞atmospheric relative humidity＞soil moisture. With stem flow rate as the dependent variable and each meteorological factor as the independent variable, the regression equation between stem flow rate, solar radiation intensity and atmospheric temperature was obtained through stepwise regression linear analysis: Y=- 8.81 + 0.013X1 + 0.52X2. The solar radiation intensity is the direct factor that affects stem flow rate (transpiration water consumptionin).