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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7): 39-43.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0160

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

‘京白梨’果形及果重差异影响因素分析

伏芳(), 武雅娟, 姜燕, 高同雨, 李晶, 王铭先, 苏本营()   

  1. 北京市门头沟区科学技术和信息化局，北京 102300
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-28 修回日期:2023-09-12 出版日期:2024-02-27 发布日期:2024-02-27
  • 通讯作者:
    苏本营，男，1982年出生，高级工程师，博士，研究方向为农业资源环境。通信地址：102300 北京市门头沟区新桥大街40号，Tel：010-69855030，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    伏芳，女，1978年出生，工程师，学士，研究方向为果树引种栽培等。通信地址：102300 北京市门头沟区新桥大街40号，Tel：010-69844947，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    北京市科技计划课题“门头沟区黄安村科技帮扶示范工程”(Z181100009818021)

Analysis of Influence Factors on Fruit Shape and Fruit Weight of Pyrus ussuriensis ‘Jingbaili’

FU Fang(), WU Yajuan, JIANG Yan, GAO Tongyu, LI Jing, WANG Mingxian, SU Benying()   

  1. Science and Technology and Information Bureau of Mentougou District, Beijing 102300
  • Received:2023-02-28 Revised:2023-09-12 Published-:2024-02-27 Online:2024-02-27

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摘要：

为解决‘京白梨’品质退化的问题，以北京地区‘京白梨’结果树为试材，比较不同秋子梨授粉品种、坐果序位和立地条件（丘陵和平地果园）对‘京白梨’果形和果重的影响。结果表明，利用‘子母梨’、‘山梨’、‘鸭广梨’、‘金香水’和‘寒红’分别给‘京白梨’授粉，‘山梨’、‘寒红’授粉效果最佳，获得的‘京白梨’果重分别为113.60、110.80 g，果形指数均为0.82；3~5序位坐果率高、果重大，优于1~2序位和6~9序位坐果；山地丘陵果园‘京白梨’果重100.77 g、果形指数0.82，而平地果园果重125.08 g、果形指数0.87，果形指数受立地条件影响。综上所述，为保证‘京白梨’果形的典型性，可配置‘山梨’和‘寒红’为授粉品种，疏果保留3~5序位，并在冷凉山区环境种植。

关键词: ‘京白梨’, 授粉品种, 坐果序位, 果形指数, 立地条件

Abstract:

To solve the problem of quality degradation of Pyrus ussuriensis ‘Jingbaili’, the influence of pollinating P. ussuriensis varieties, fruit-setting order and orchard locations (hillside and flat orchard) on the fruit shape and weight of P. ussuriensis ‘Jingbaili’ were investigated in Beijing. The results showed that ‘Shanli’ and ‘Hanhong’ cultivars were superior for pollination compared with ‘Zimuli’, ‘Yaguangli’, and ‘Jinxiangshui’. The average fruit weight of P. ussuriensis ‘Jingbaili’ pollinated by ‘Shanli’ and ‘Hanhong’ was 113.60 and 110.80 g, respectively, and the fruit shape index of both were 0.82. Furthermore, the fruit setting rates and weight of P. ussuriensis ‘Jingbaili’ from the third to fifth order of inflorescence were higher than that at the first to second and the sixth to ninth order. The fruit weight and shape index of P. ussuriensis ‘Jingbaili’ in hillside orchard were 100.77 g and 0.82, respectively, while those in flat orchard were 125.08 g and 0.87, indicating that fruit shape index was affected by orchard locations. In summary, to maintain the typical features of P. ussuriensis ‘Jingbaili’, it is recommended to select ‘Shanli’ and ‘Hanhong’ as pollinating varieties, keeping fruits at the third to fifth order of inflorescence, and planting them in cool mountainous environment.

Key words: Pyrus ussuriensis ‘Jingbaili’, pollination varieties, fruit-setting order, fruit shape index, site condition