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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (27): 117-123.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080084

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

平和县琯溪蜜柚山地果园径流氮磷含量变化

李发林,曾瑞琴,危天进,郑域茹,郑 涛,林晓兰,武英,黄双勇,杨忠义   

  1. 福建省热带作物科学研究所,漳州市平和县农业局,福建省武平县土壤肥料技术站 龙岩,福建省热带作物科学研究所,福建省热带作物科学研究所,福建省热带作物科学研究所,福建省热带作物科学研究所,漳州市平和县农业局,漳州市平和县农业局
  • 收稿日期:2016-08-19 修回日期:2017-08-31 接受日期:2017-04-19 出版日期:2017-10-09 发布日期:2017-10-09
  • 通讯作者: 郑 涛
  • 基金资助:
    福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项“带状生草对不同施肥水平果园面源污染控制效果的研究”(2013GY03)，“琯溪蜜柚果园适用溶磷 菌的筛选与应用”(2015R1028-1)；国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-27-04B)。

Change of Runoff Nitrogen and Phosphorus Content: Mountain Orchard of Guanxi Pomelo in Pinghe

  • Received:2016-08-19 Revised:2017-08-31 Accepted:2017-04-19 Online:2017-10-09 Published:2017-10-09

摘要： 为了解决平和县琯溪蜜柚过度种植，化肥、农药滥用导致环境污染的问题。通过实地调查与室内分析相结合的方法，调查了平和县琯溪蜜柚不同施肥状况山地果园径流氮磷含量情况。结果表明：（1）一年间果园径流磷含量（总磷和可溶磷含量）和氮含量（总氮、可溶性总氮、硝态氮、氨态氮含量）都有逐渐降低的态势，分别大于不同试验区汇水含量（山塘水、沟水、溪水和九龙江水）；（2）径流N/P 都大于6.5，果园径流磷含量为富营养化限制因素；果园径流硝态氮含量低于饮用水限制含量(10 mg/L)；（3）试验区汇水全年总磷含量分别为0.403、0.280、0.503、0.417 mg/L，基本大于Ⅲ类水质要求(0.3 mg/L)，全年氨氮含量分别为0.14、0.20、0.44、0.10 mg/L，达到Ⅱ类水质要求，总氮含量分别为3.77、3.49、3.89、3.38 mg/L，都大于Ⅴ类水质要求2.0 mg/L。果园径流总体上都达不到地表水环境质量标准要求，直接排放会产生水体富营养化。

关键词: 旱作蔬菜, 旱作蔬菜, 兰州半干旱地区, 轮作倒茬

Abstract: To solve the environmental problems caused by excessive cultivation, application of fertilizer and pesticide in Guanxi pomelo orchard of Pinghe, we investigated the runoff N and P content under different fertilizations by field investigation and indoor analysis in mountain orchards of Pinghe. The results showed that: the content of runoff N (total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen) and P (total phosphorus and soluble phosphorus) decreased, and was greater than the catchment content of different experimental zones respectively (hilly pond, ditch, stream and Jiulong river); (2) garden runoff N/P was greater than 6.5, phosphorus content was the limiting factor of eutrophication; nitrate content in orchard runoff was lower than the content restriction for drinking water (10 mg/L); (3) the yearly total phosphorus content of experimental zone catchment was 0.403, 0.280, 0.503, 0.417 mg/L, respectively, basically higher than Ⅲ class water quality requirements (0.3 mg/L); the annual ammonia nitrogen content was 0.14, 0.20, 0.44, 0.10 mg/L, respectively, which achieved Ⅱ class water quality requirements; the total nitrogen content was 3.77, 3.49, 3.89, 3.38 mg/L, respectively, all higher than Ⅴ class water quality requirements of 2.0 mg/L. In general, orchard runoff can not meet the surface water environmental quality standards, and direct discharge will produce water eutrophication.