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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (26): 148-156.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0146

• 三农研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

国际视野下的农业绿色发展:政策前沿、技术创新与未来取向

王越1,2(), 亢志华1,3()   

  1. 1 江苏省农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所, 南京 210014
    2 诺丁汉大学商学院, 英国诺丁汉 NG81BB
    3 江苏农业科技创新决策咨询研究基地, 南京 210014
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-04 修回日期:2025-05-27 出版日期:2025-10-12 发布日期:2025-10-12
  • 通讯作者:
    亢志华,女,1981年出生,内蒙古乌兰察布人,研究员,硕士,研究方向:农村区域发展。通信地址:210014 江苏南京玄武区钟灵街50号 江苏省农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    王越,女,1994年出生,江苏南京人,副研究员,博士,研究方向:农业经济理论与政策。通信地址:210014江苏南京玄武区钟灵街50号 江苏省农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“农业社会化服务与农户耕地质量保护行为采纳”(72404111)

Green Development of Agriculture from a Global Perspective: Policy Frontiers, Technological Innovation, and Future Directions

WANG Yue1,2(), KANG Zhihua1,3()   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014
    2 Business School of Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK NG81BB
    3 Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Decision-Making Advisory Research Center, Nanjing 210014
  • Received:2025-03-04 Revised:2025-05-27 Published:2025-10-12 Online:2025-10-12

摘要:

农业绿色发展作为世界农业发展的主流也将是中国建设农业强国的必由之路。本研究选取美国、欧盟和日本等主要发达经济体,回顾其农业绿色发展进程,瞄准政策改革前沿及科技创新导向,总结其发展特点及经验。研究发现,美国农业绿色转型主要面临应对气候变化风险和减碳固碳压力,其政策改革兼顾环境保护与农业生产,以提高农业气候变化适应性为目标;欧盟主要面临生物多样性锐减问题,新一轮政策改革以单一生态修复为导向、以牺牲农作物产量为代价;日本则因全球气候变化影响,其政策强调稳定极端天气下高质量农产品的供给。不同发展政策导向下,三大经济体分别演化出了以生物技术为导向的美国农业绿色科技创新模式、基于自然解决方案的欧洲农业绿色科技创新模式、以信息技术与脱碳为导向的日本农业绿色科技创新模式。“十四五”时期中国农业绿色发展虽然已经取得了实质性进展,但与上述发达经济体相比在科技投入强度、科技研发前沿、政策激励效果方面仍存在差距,未来应注重细化绿色发展考核、完善绿色补贴机制、促进产业链主体协同、强化科技成果转化。

关键词: 农业绿色发展, 政策前沿, 技术创新, 国际比较

Abstract:

The green development of agriculture is the key for building a strong agricultural nation and aligns with global trends. This study examines major developed economics, including the United States, the European Union, and Japan, reviewing their progress in agricultural green development. Focusing on cutting-edge policy reforms and technological innovation directions, it summarizes key characteristics and lessons from their experiences. In the US, challenges revolve around climate change adaptation and carbon reduction, and its policy reform takes into account environmental protection and agricultural production, with the goal of improving the adaptability of agricultural climate change. The EU confronts significant biodiversity loss, with recent policies emphasizing ecological restoration even at the expense of crop yields. Japan prioritizes stabilizing high-quality food production amidst climate variability through green agricultural policies centered on mitigating extreme weather impacts. These regions have developed distinct agricultural green technology innovation models: the US focuses on biotechnology, the EU adopts nature-based solutions, while Japan emphasizes information technology and decarbonization efforts. Despite progress during ‘14th Five-Year Plan’ in China, gaps remain in terms of R&D investment, cutting-edge technology, and policy effectiveness compared to these countries. To bridge these gaps, China should refine its green development metrics, optimize green subsidy mechanisms, enhance industry chain collaboration, and accelerate the commercialization of technological innovations.

Key words: the green development of agriculture, policy frontiers, technological innovation, international comparison