修枝对林木生长及木材质量的影响研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0183

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

修枝是森林培育的核心调控技术，合理的修枝有利于促进林木生长，改善树木干形，提高树干圆满度和出材率，减少死节和活节数量，提高木材的整体质量。本研究系统综述了修枝对林木胸径、树高、材积生长及木材物理性质（密度、力学性能）、树干质量（干形、节疤）的影响机制，揭示其通过调节光合产物分配、改善养分运输效率等途径实现生长促进效应；同时阐明修枝强度与季节差异对木材密度、力学性能及节疤形成的复杂调控规律。研究发现，合理修枝可提高树干圆满度、减少死节数量，但过度修枝会抑制胸径生长并降低木材力学性能。基于现有研究进展，指出当前存在的基础理论薄弱、技术装备滞后及标准体系缺失等问题，重点聚焦于3个研究方向：（1）构建基于树种特性与生长阶段的精准修枝理论模型；（2）研发智能化修枝设备与数字化作业系统；（3）建立涵盖材性改良与经济效益评估的标准化技术体系。研究成果为定向培育优质工业用材提供理论支撑与技术路径。

关键词: 修枝, 树木生长, 树冠形态, 树干质量, 木材密度, 木材力学性质, 节疤

Abstract:

Pruning is an essential technical measure in the process of forest cultivation. Reasonable pruning is conducive to promoting the growth of forest trees, improving the trunk shape, increasing trunk completeness and timber outturn percentage, reducing the number of dead and live knots, and improving the overall quality of wood. This paper comprehensively analyzed the influence and mechanism of pruning on the growth of tree diameter at breast height and tree height, the physical properties of wood, and the tree trunk quality, and revealed that the growth promotion effect was achieved by regulating the distribution of photosynthetic products and improving the efficiency of nutrient transport. At the same time, the complex regulation rules of pruning intensity and seasonal difference on wood density, mechanical properties and knot scar formation were clarified. On this basis, it further summarized the deficiencies and problems in the past research and put forward the main research directions for the future as follow. (1) To construct the theoretical model of precise pruning based on tree species characteristics and growth stages; (2) to research and develop intelligent pruning equipment and digital operation systems; (3) to establish a standardized technical system covering material improvement and economic benefit evaluation. The research results provide theoretical support and technical path for directional cultivation of high-quality industrial materials.

Key words: pruning, tree growth, crown morphology, wood properties, wood density, mechanical properties of wood, knots

曹培, 徐成, 李梦秋, 唐罗忠. 修枝对林木生长及木材质量的影响研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(22): 35-40.

CAO Pei, XU Cheng, LI Mengqiu, TANG Luozhong. Review on Effect of Pruning on Tree Growth and Wood Quality[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(22): 35-40.

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