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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (29): 76-83.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0288

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

盐胁迫对保水剂长期吸释水性能的影响规律

支裕华1,2(), 丁金华1,2,3(), 余海洋1,2, 宫淼淼1,2,3, 沈文艳1,2   

  1. 1 新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院， 乌鲁木齐 830052
    2 新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室， 乌鲁木齐 830052
    3 新疆水工岩土与结构工程技术研究中心， 乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-05 修回日期:2025-08-11 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-10-22
  • 通讯作者:
    丁金华，女，1973年出生，河南洛阳人，教授，博士，研究方向：盐渍土性质及生态改良。通信地址：830052 新疆乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区农大东路311号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    支裕华，男，2003年出生，浙江温州人，本科，研究方向：农田水利工程。通信地址：830052 新疆乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区农大东路311号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区人才发展基金“天池英才”引进计划项目“盐渍土工程特性及生态修复改良综合技术”; 新疆维吾尔自治区级大学生创新训练计划项目“高分子保水剂联合生物改良内陆盐渍土的效果评价”(S202310758069); 新疆农业大学高层次人才科研培育计划项目“基于透明土试验技术的硫酸盐渍土盐冻胀特性研究”

Influence of Salt Stress on Long-term Water Absorption and Release Performance of Super Absorbent Polymer

ZHI Yuhua1,2(), DING Jinhua1,2,3(), YU Haiyang1,2, GONG Miaomiao1,2,3, SHEN Wenyan1,2   

  1. 1 College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052
    2 Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Safety and Water Disaster Prevention, Urumqi 830052
    3 Technical Research Center of Xinjiang Hydro-Geotechnical and Structural Engineering, Urumqi 830052
  • Received:2025-04-05 Revised:2025-08-11 Published:2025-10-15 Online:2025-10-22

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摘要：

探究氯盐溶液浓度、周期性吸水—干燥及蒸发等不同条件对高分子保水剂SAP长期吸释水和保水性能的影响规律，为盐胁迫环境下保水剂的适用性评估提供依据。以18目、60目、120目和200目的4种聚丙烯酸类保水剂为研究对象，进行了标准吸水试验、6个周期的干燥—吸水试验、以及不同蒸发条件下的保水试验，分别对其吸—释水性、耐盐性和保水性进行评价。结果表明：随氯盐溶液浓度增大，SAP吸水倍率均呈下降趋势，在去离子水中60目SAP的吸水倍率最大，可达602.0 g/g，但其耐盐性较差，氯盐溶液浓度2000 mg/L时吸水倍率112.7 g/g，降幅达81.3%，120~200目SAP的吸水倍率只有60目的53%~66.8%，但耐盐性相对较好，说明保水剂粒径与其耐盐性存在负相关关系；经6次反复干燥再吸水循环后，60目SAP仍可保持90.1%的吸水能力，200目耐久性最差，仅保持55.7%；60℃恒温和室内外自然蒸发条件下，SAP的保水性能均呈线性下降趋势，其保水性与盐溶液浓度无显著关系，且4种材料间的差异不显著。综合评估表明，18~60目SAP较适用于氯盐浓度450 mg/L以下的环境，120~200目SAP较适用于450~2000 mg/L的氯盐溶液环境。60目综合性能最佳，兼具高吸水性和保水稳定性。试验成果为保水剂应用于盐碱地改良治理的可行性和适用性提供了参考数据。

关键词: 保水剂SAP, 盐离子浓度, 耐久性, 耐盐度, 吸释水性能, 保水性

Abstract:

The effects of different conditions, including chloride salt solution concentration, cyclic water absorption-drying, and evaporation on the long-term water absorption-release performance and water retention of Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) were investigated, to provide a basis for the evaluation of the applicability of SAP in saline environments. Using four polyacrylic SAPs (18, 60, 120 and 200 mesh), we conducted standard water absorption test, six cycles of drying-rehydration tests, and the water retention tests under different evaporation conditions to evaluate their water absorption-release capacity, salt tolerance and water retention. The results showed that as chloride salt solution concentration increased, the water absorption ratio of all SAPs decreased. In deionized water, the 60-mesh SAP exhibited the highest absorption ratio (602.0 g/g), but its salt tolerance was poor, at 2000 mg/L salt concentration, absorption dropped to 112.7 g/g (a reduction of 81.3%). The water absorption ratio of 120-200 mesh SAPs was only 53%-66.8% of the 60 mesh SAP in deionized water, but their salt tolerance was superior, indicating a negative correlation between particle size and salt tolerance. After six drying-rehydration cycles, the 60 mesh SAP still retained 90.1% of its initial absorption capacity, while the 200 mesh SAP showed the poorest durability, only 55.7%. Under 60°C constant temperature and natural evaporation (indoor/outdoor), water retention declined linearly. No significant relationship was observed between water retention and salt concentration, nor were there significant differences among the four SAPs.The comprehensive analysis suggested that 18-60 mesh SAPs were more suitable for environments with salt solution concentrations ≤450mg/L, while 120-200 mesh SAPs perform better at 450-2000 mg/L. The 60 mesh SAP had the best comprehensive performance, balancing high water absorption and retention stability. These findings provided practical data support for the feasibility of SAPs in saline-alkali soil remediation.

Key words: super absorbent polymer (SAP), salt ion concentration, durability, salinity tolerance, water absorption-release performance, water retention capacity