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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 31-39.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0080

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

5个美洲黑杨优良无性系木材解剖及力学性能特征比较

刘俊龙1(), 苗婷婷1, 王梓豪2, 吴中能1, 苏晓华2, 孙慧1, 丁昌俊2()   

  1. 1 安徽省林业科学研究院， 合肥 230088
    2 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所， 北京 100091
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-23 修回日期:2026-04-19 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-05-15
  • 通讯作者:
    丁昌俊，男，1982年出生，河南固始人，研究员，主要从事林木遗传育种研究。通信地址：100091 北京市海淀区香山路东小府1号 中国林科院林业所330室，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    刘俊龙，男，1981年出生，安徽太和人，副研究员，硕士，主要从事森林培育研究。通信地址：230088 安徽省合肥市黄山路618-1号 安徽省林业科学研究院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    “十四五”国家重点研发计划项目“杨树大径级工业资源材精准高效培育技术研究”(2021YFD2201200); 中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目“不飞絮杨树大径材精准高效培育技术推广示范”(皖〔2025〕TG03号)

Comparison Study on Wood Anatomy and Mechanical Properties of 5 Superior Clones of Populus deltoides

LIU Junlong1(), MIAO Tingting1, WANG Zihao2, WU Zhongneng1, SU Xiaohua2, SUN Hui1, DING Changjun2()   

  1. 1 Anhui Academy of Forestry, Hefei 230088
    2 Forestry Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091
  • Received:2026-01-23 Revised:2026-04-19 Published:2026-05-15 Online:2026-05-15

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摘要：

为筛选适宜纸浆林培育的优良美洲黑杨无性系，以4个新杂交选育无性系和‘69杨’为研究对象，共5个美洲黑杨优良无性系，对其木材解剖和力学性能进行测定分析。结果表明：9年生5个无性系的边材和心材平均纤维长度分别为1099.65~1397.61 μm和962.67~1069.21 μm，均属于中级长度纤维；边材和心材的平均纤维宽度分别为21.44~24.46 μm和21.59~23.69 μm；边材和心材的纤维长宽比分别为46.87~59.17和41.67~48.55，5个无性系边材和心材纤维壁腔比均小于1，均为上等造纸原料；‘01-24杨’边材和心材的平均纤维壁厚（4.76 μm和3.38 μm）显著小于其他无性系。5个无性系的基本密度为0.32~0.42 g/cm3，符合中国常用木材基本密度的Ⅱ级标准。‘01-29杨’在5个杨树无性系中表现出最低的边材和心材的气干干缩率，以及最低的边材全干干缩率。在力学性能方面，‘03-27杨’和‘69杨’边材和心材的平均顺纹抗压强度和抗弯弹性模量显著高于其余3个无性系，说明其纤维刚性与韧性更强。‘69杨’边材和心材纤维素含量均低于其余4个无性系，‘01-24杨’边材和心材纤维素含量最高（分别为46.99%和46.27%），有利于提高纸浆得率。综上，5个黑杨无性系在造纸性能上各有优势，4个新选育的黑杨无性系具备适配纸浆林培育的优选无性系的潜力。

关键词: 美洲黑杨, 优良无性系, 纸浆材, 木材解剖, 材性

Abstract:

To screen superior Populus deltoides clones for pulpwood plantation, the paper took 5 Populus deltoides clones, including 4 newly hybridized and selected clones and ‘Clone 69’ (P. deltoides Bartr. cv. ‘Lux’), as research objects, determined and analyzed wood anatomical characteristics and mechanical properties. The results showed that the average fiber lengths of sapwood and heartwood among five 9-year-old clones ranged from 1099.65 to 1397.61 μm and 962.67 to 1069.21 μm respectively, belonging to the intermediate length category; the average fiber widths of sapwood and heartwood were 21.44-24.46 μm and 21.59-23.69 μm respectively; the fiber length-width ratios of sapwood and heartwood were 46.87-59.17 and 41.67-48.55 respectively. The fiber wall-lumen ratios of sapwood and heartwood in all 5 clones were less than 1, indicating they were top-grade raw materials for papermaking; the average fiber wall thickness of sapwood (4.76 μm) and heartwood (3.38 μm) in ‘Clone 01-24’ was significantly lower than that in other clones. The basic densities of 5 clones ranged from 0.32 to 0.42 g/cm3, all meeting the Grade II standard of basic density for commonly used wood in China. ‘Clone 01-29’ had the lowest air-dry shrinkage rate in sapwood and heartwood, as well as the lowest oven-dry shrinkage rate in sapwood; in 5 clones, ‘Clone 03-27’ and ‘Clone 69’ had significantly higher average compressive strength parallel to grain and bending elastic modulus in sapwood and heartwood than the other three clones, indicating stronger fiber rigidity and toughness. The cellulose content in sapwood and heartwood of ‘Clone 69’ was lower than that of the other 4 clones, while ‘Clone 01-24’ had the highest cellulose content (46.99% in sapwood and 46.27% in heartwood), which was conducive to obtaining higher pulp yield. In conclusion, each of 5 P. deltoides clones exhibits distinct advantages in papermaking performance. Notably, 4 newly selected Populus deltoides clones demonstrate considerable potential as superior clones suitable for pulpwood plantation cultivation.

Key words: Populus deltoides, superior clones, pulpwood, wood anatomy, wood properties

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