Abstract: Fifteen F1 combinations crossed among 5 naturally colored cotton and 1 fiber white cotton different in yield components or fiber quality parameters according to half diallel crossing design (6×5/2) were used to evaluate the genetic effects of fiber quality. The experiment data processing was conducted by using additive-dominant genetic model (Zhu, 1997). The main results were as follows: The fiber length of naturally colored cotton was mainly controlled by the additive effects and could be improved by selection in early generations. While the fiber strength, the uniformity ration, the fiber elongation and micronaire were controlled by additive effects and dominant effects equivalently, and the improvement would be better for these traits by selecting in later generation. The heritability of the fiber quality parameters were 9.58% (fiber elongation) ~ 87.01% (fiber length). The relationships among uniformity ration, fiber strength and fiber length with positive additive correlations mainly could mainly be used in indirect selection of colored cotton breeding.