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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (32): 99-108.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0973

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

云南省农田生态系统碳足迹及其特征分析

匡雪芹1,2,3(), 谢彬1,2,3, 李云春1, 李靖2,3()   

  1. 1 云南农业大学建筑工程学院，昆明 650201
    2 云南省智慧农业与水安全国际联合研发中心，昆明 650201
    3 云南省高校城乡水安全与节水减排重点实验室，昆明 650201
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-16 修回日期:2023-01-08 出版日期:2023-11-15 发布日期:2023-11-10
  • 通讯作者: 李靖，男，1969年出生，云南富源人，教授，博士在读，主要从事农田水利与灌溉排水方面的研究。通信地址：650201 云南省昆明市盘龙区沣源路452号 云南农业大学，E-mail：li_jing69@163.com。
  • 作者简介:

    匡雪芹，女，1999年出生，江苏泰兴人，硕士在读，研究方向：农田生态系统碳排放。通信地址：650201 云南省昆明市盘龙区云南农业大学，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省重点研发计划项目“多维供水智能化调度与城乡用水保障优化技术及方案研究”(202203AC100004); 云南省重大科技专项计划项目“云南高原特色数字农业关键技术研发与示范”(202002AE090010); 教育部新农科项目、教育部协同育人项目“基于数字孪生的植物工厂智能建造数字化平台建设”(202102510032); 云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目“锌离子超级电容器活性炭阴极粘结剂对电容器电容的影响机制”(2022Y291)

Carbon Footprint and Characteristics of Farmland Ecosystem in Yunnan Province

KUANG Xueqin1,2,3(), XIE Bin1,2,3, LI Yunchun1, LI Jing2,3()   

  1. 1 College of Architectural Engineering, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
    2 Yunnan International Joint R&D Center of Smart Agriculture and Water Security, Kunming 650201
    3 Key Laboratory of Urban and Rural Water Security and Water Conservation and Emission Reduction in Yunnan Universities, Kunming 650201
  • Received:2022-11-16 Revised:2023-01-08 Published-:2023-11-15 Online:2023-11-10

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摘要：

为指导云南省农田生态系统碳减排措施的合理制定，以《省级温室气体编制指南（试行）》为依据，研究了云南省2008—2020年农田生态系统碳排放当量、碳汇以及碳足迹的演化特征，提出了未来农业发展减排固碳的主要措施。基于2008—2020年云南省农田生产投入、作物种类及产量等相关数据，运用碳足迹分析方法对云南省农田生态系统的碳排放当量与碳吸收量进行系统性分析。结果表明：一方面，农田生态系统少量的CH4、N2O等温室气体排放不容忽视，云南省农田生态系统的直接碳排放量、氧化亚氮碳排放当量以及甲烷碳排放当量成为农田温室气体排放最为主要的3个因素。另一方面，2008—2017年云南省温室气体碳排放当量逐年增加，随后呈逐年递减的变化趋势，当量碳排放强度呈波动式变化，其中秸秆焚烧、化肥降解以及柴油燃烧为主要的直接碳排放源，N2O、CH4为主要的当量碳排放源；碳吸收强度呈波动式变化，作物中的玉米和甘蔗碳吸收量远大于其他农作物，是主要的固碳源，蔬菜和瓜类具有一定的增汇潜力，农作物有从粮食作物向经济作物转变的趋势；碳足迹呈先增后减的变化趋势，与碳排放当量的变化趋势基本呈正相关。2008—2020年云南省农田生态系统碳排放当量和碳吸收量年均增长率分别为0.98%、1.78%，碳足迹尚未达到区域生态承载力极限，且2017—2020生态碳盈余有所提高，但当前的生态碳盈余形势仍然较严峻。最后，总结出秸秆回收利用、精准施肥与低碳高产种业的发展将是云南省未来控制农业碳排放的主要措施。

关键词: 农田生态系统, 碳足迹, 秸秆回收, 精准施肥

Abstract:

Based on the “Provincial Greenhouse Gas Preparation Guidelines (Trial)”, the characteristics of carbon emission equivalents, carbon sinks and carbon footprints of farmland ecosystems in Yunnan Province in 2008 to 2020 were studied, and the main measures for reducing carbon sequestration in future agricultural development were proposed. Based on the data related to production inputs and crop yields in Yunnan Province from 2008 to 2020, the carbon footprint analysis method was applied to systematically analyze the carbon emissions and carbon sequestration of farmland ecosystems in Yunnan Province. The results showed that the small amount of greenhouse gas emissions such as CH4 and N2O from farmland ecosystems should not be ignored, and the direct carbon emissions, carbon equivalent emissions of nitrous oxide and carbon equivalent emissions of methane from farmland ecosystems became the three most important factors of greenhouse gas emissions from farmland. On the other hand, the carbon equivalent emissions of greenhouse gases in Yunnan Province increased year by year from 2008 to 2017, and then showed a decreasing trend year by year. The carbon equivalent emission intensity showed fluctuating changes, among which straw burning, fertilizer degradation and diesel combustion were the main direct carbon emission sources, and N2O and CH4 were the main carbon equivalent emission sources; the carbon absorption intensity showed fluctuating changes, and the carbon absorption of maize and sugarcane were much higher than that of other crops, which was the main source of carbon sequestration; vegetables and melons had certain potential to increase sinks, and crops had a tendency to change from food crops to cash crops; the carbon footprint showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing, and was basically positively correlated with the trend of carbon emission equivalent. The average annual growth rate of carbon emission equivalent and carbon sequestration of agricultural ecosystem in Yunnan Province from 2008 to 2020 was 0.98% and 1.78%, respectively. The carbon footprint had not yet reached the limit of regional ecological carrying capacity, and the ecological carbon surplus had improved from 2017 to 2020, but the current ecological carbon surplus situation was still more severe. Finally, it is concluded that straw recycling, precise fertilization and the development of low carbon and high yield seed industry will be the main measures to control agricultural carbon emissions in Yunnan Province in the future.

Key words: farmland ecosystem, carbon footprint, crop straw recycling, precision fertilization