畜禽粪便超高温堆肥技术研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0126

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在深入探究超高温堆肥技术在畜禽粪便处理领域的研究现状与应用潜力。通过分析超高温堆肥中试研究、超高温堆肥工程案例和超高温堆肥产物的质量及其应用效果，结果显示，外源供热和超嗜热菌剂添加是实现超高温堆肥的关键因素，其中超嗜热菌剂的添加尤为关键。研究表明，超高温堆肥适用于不同规模和不同种类的畜禽粪便处理，具有经济可行性。同时，超高温堆肥的产物符合中国有机肥料标准，并在种植中显示出良好的效果，具有广阔的推广应用前景。然而，超高温堆肥的微生物菌株资源挖掘利用和超高温堆肥产物的大田应用示范等工作仍有待开展。

关键词: 畜禽粪便, 超高温堆肥, 中试研究, 工程案例, 堆肥化产品, 超嗜热菌剂, 外源供热, 有机肥料标准, 推广应用

Abstract:

This study aims to delve into the current research status and application potential of ultra-high temperature composting technology in the field of livestock and poultry manure treatment. By analyzing pilot studies on ultra-high temperature composting, engineering cases of ultra-high temperature composting, and the quality and application effects of ultra-high temperature compost products, the results show that exogenous heating and the addition of hyperthermophilic bacterial agents are key factors in achieving ultra-high temperature composting, with the addition of hyperthermophilic bacterial agents being particularly crucial. The study indicates that ultra-high temperature composting is suitable for treating livestock and poultry manure of different scales and types, demonstrating economic feasibility. Moreover, the products of ultra-high temperature composting meet the standards for organic fertilizers in China and have shown good effects in cultivation, indicating broad prospects for promotion and application. However, there is still work to be done in exploring and utilizing microbial strain resources for ultra-high temperature composting and demonstrating the field application of ultra-high temperature compost products.

Key words: livestock and poultry manure, hyperthermophilic composting, pilot study, engineering case, composting product, hyperthermophilic bacteria, exogenous heat supply, organic fertilizer standards, promotion and application

胡军有, 李义勇, 杜建军. 畜禽粪便超高温堆肥技术研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(29): 131-137.

HU Junyou, LI Yiyong, DU Jianjun. Research Progress on Hyperthermophilic Composting Technology of Livestock and Poultry Manure[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(29): 131-137.

图/表 4

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工艺参数及处理效果	传统堆肥	超高温堆肥
最高温度	50~70℃	80℃以上
持续高温周期	≥55℃持续7 d以上	≥80℃持续 5~7 d
堆肥周期	30~50 d	15~25 d
初始C/N值	25:1~35:1	6:1~8:1
腐熟度（种子发芽指数， GI指数）	≥65%	≥95%
减量化效果	≤50%	≥75%
蛔虫卵杀灭效果	≥95%	100%
臭气	有氨、硫化氢、二氧化硫，多	以氨为主，少
抗性基因消减效果	≥35%	≥90%
微塑料降解效果	<5%	≥40%
重金属钝化效果	≥3%	≥15%
运行成本	高	低

工艺参数及处理效果	传统堆肥	超高温堆肥
最高温度	50~70℃	80℃以上
持续高温周期	≥55℃持续7 d以上	≥80℃持续 5~7 d
堆肥周期	30~50 d	15~25 d
初始C/N值	25:1~35:1	6:1~8:1
腐熟度（种子发芽指数， GI指数）	≥65%	≥95%
减量化效果	≤50%	≥75%
蛔虫卵杀灭效果	≥95%	100%
臭气	有氨、硫化氢、二氧化硫，多	以氨为主，少
抗性基因消减效果	≥35%	≥90%
微塑料降解效果	<5%	≥40%
重金属钝化效果	≥3%	≥15%
运行成本	高	低

成本组分	单价/（元/t）
电费（翻抛机+鼓风机）	10
物料费（超高温菌剂+蘑菇菌渣）	40
运输费	10
人工费	10~20
总计费用	70~80

成本组分	单价/（元/t）
电费（翻抛机+鼓风机）	10
物料费（超高温菌剂+蘑菇菌渣）	40
运输费	10
人工费	10~20
总计费用	70~80