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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (17): 67-75.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0061

• 资源环境生态土壤气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于浮游植物完整性指数的那曲流域栖息地生态健康评价

蔡瞳1(), 马宁2, 李凯2, 王琳2, 杨文波2, 康海云1, 李杨1, 陈炳良1, 王晓梅2(), 袁立来2()   

  1. 1 西藏开投江达水电开发有限公司， 西藏那曲 852200
    2 中国水产科学研究院， 北京 100141
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-20 修回日期:2026-04-23 出版日期:2026-09-15 发布日期:2026-09-09
  • 通讯作者:
    王晓梅，女，1980年出生，副研究员，博士，研究方向：渔业资源保护与利用。通信地址：100141 北京市丰台区永定路南青塔150号，E-mail：；
    袁立来，男，1985年出生，副研究员，博士，研究方向：渔业资源保护与利用。通信地址：100141 北京市丰台区永定路南青塔150号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    蔡瞳，男，1984年出生，工程师，本科，研究方向：水利水电工程。通信地址：862218 西藏自治区那曲市索县江达乡江达水电站，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项经费项目“水生生物多样性及水域环境保护创新团队项目”(2023TD12); “基于eDNA技术的怒江裂腹鱼产卵场精细识别研究”(2025A004); 西藏自治区科技计划中央引导地方项目“西藏高精度数字渔图研发及公共服务平台建设”(XZ202301YD0017C)

Ecological Health Assessment of Habitat in Naqu River Basin Based on Planktonic Index of Biotic Integrity

CAI Tong1(), MA Ning2, LI Kai2, WANG Lin2, YANG Wenbo2, KANG Haiyun1, LI Yang1, CHEN Bingliang1, WANG Xiaomei2(), YUAN Lilai2()   

  1. 1 Xizang Development Investment JiangDa Hydropower Development Co., Ltd., Naqu, Xizang 852200
    2 Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141
  • Received:2026-01-20 Revised:2026-04-23 Published:2026-09-15 Online:2026-09-09

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摘要：

为深入分析那曲流域河流生态系统的健康状况，并评估梯级水电开发对其产生的影响，本研究于2025年6月在那曲流域的17个监测站位采集浮游植物样品，测定水环境因子，鉴定并量化了浮游植物的种类、细胞密度和生物量，基于浮游植物的群落分布特征，构建浮游植物完整性指数(P-IBI)评价体系，用以评估那曲流域栖息地的生态健康状况，并解析P-IBI值和水环境因子之间的相关性。调查结果显示，研究区域共鉴定出浮游植物7门82种（属），其中，硅藻门种数最多，占总物种数的60%以上，绿藻门和蓝藻门次之。那曲上游区域的浮游植物平均密度和生物量均高于下游。那曲干流上游的4个站位和1个支流站位被评定为“健康”—“亚健康”状态，中游的2条支流2个站位处于“一般”状态，那曲干流中游和下游以及下游支流的10个站位处于“差”状态。研究表明，那曲流域的“健康”和“亚健康”河段主要分布于干流上游受人类活动干扰较小的区域，海拔、碱度、pH、溶解氧是影响那曲流域河流生态健康状态的关键环境因素。

关键词: 梯级水电站, 那曲流域, 浮游植物, 栖息地, 生态健康评价

Abstract:

To analyze the health status of river ecosystems in the Naqu River Basin and reveal the impacts of cascade hydropower development, phytoplankton samples were collected from 17 survey stations across the Naqu River Basin in June 2025. Water environmental parameters were measured. The phytoplankton species were identified, and their cell density and biomass were calculated. The distribution characteristics of phytoplankton communities were analyzed, and the phytoplankton index of biotic integrity (P-IBI) evaluation system was constructed and applied to assess the ecological health status of the habitat in the Naqu River Basin. A total of 7 phyla and 82 species (genera) of phytoplankton were identified in the study area. Bacillariophyta accounted for over 60% of the total species, followed by Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta. Average phytoplankton density and biomass were higher in the upper reaches than in the lower reaches. Four stations in the upper reaches of the main stem and one station in a tributary were classified as “healthy” to “sub-healthy”, two stations in two midstream tributaries were rated as “moderate”, while ten stations in the middle and lower reaches of the main stem and downstream tributaries were categorized as “poor”. In the Naqu River Basin, sections classified as “healthy” or “sub-healthy” are mainly located in the upper reaches of the main stream, where human activities have minimal impact. Altitude, alkalinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen are the main environmental factors related to the ecological health status of rivers in the Naqu River Basin.

Key words: cascade hydropower, Naqu River Basin, phytoplankton, habitat, ecological health assessment

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