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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2011, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (26): 293-298.

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于SPI的潍坊市近50年的干湿特征分析

李树军 袁静 肖清华 董晨娥   

  • 收稿日期:2011-07-25 修回日期:2011-08-18 出版日期:2011-10-15 发布日期:2011-10-15

Characteristic of Droughts and Humidification Based on Standard Precipitation Index in Weifang During the Past 50 Years

  • Received:2011-07-25 Revised:2011-08-18 Online:2011-10-15 Published:2011-10-15

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摘要：

干旱与洪涝是影响潍坊市的主要气象灾害，对工农业生产造成了严重影响，分析其演变特征和发生规律，能够为应对气候变化背景下潍坊市抗旱防涝减灾提供理论依据。笔者基于1961—2010年潍坊市9个气象观测站的逐月降水资料，采用标准化降水指数为指标，计算出潍坊市近50年逐月的SPI指数，分析了潍坊市的干湿时空分布特征。结果表明，潍坊市干湿变化具有阶段性特征，20世纪60、70年代相对较为湿润，并且由60年代初期的极端湿润向70年代末期干旱方向发展，20世纪80年代潍坊市区域持续干旱，20世纪90年代—21世纪00年代震荡波动变化趋于平缓。潍坊市干湿空间分布上具有一定的区域性，20世纪60年代中西部区域相对较为湿润，东南部区域较旱；70年代各区域干湿程度相差不大；80年代各区域普遍较旱，其中东南部干旱最重，北部最轻；20世纪90年代—21世纪00年代各区域干湿变化基本一致。由于降水的时空分布不均，造成局地的干湿分布异常现象，如1999年；各年代间干湿时间长度的空间分布也有各自特点，为抗旱防汛部门的统一部署带来难度。

关键词: 环境 协调发展 协调发展度, 环境 协调发展 协调发展度

Abstract:

Drought and flood are the main meteorological disasters in Weifang, which had a serious impact on industrial and agricultural production. Analysis of their characteristics and patterns of evolution can provide a theoretical basis for drought and flood mitigation in the context of climate change in Weifang. Based on the monthly precipitation data in Weifang during 1961-2010 and the standardized precipitation index, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of drought and humidification in Weifang were analyzed. The results showed that: the variations of drought and humidification in Weifang were characterized by phase. It was relatively humid in the 1960s and 1970s, and it was extremely humid in early 1960s turning to drought in late 1970s. In 1980s, it was continuing drought in the whole city. The fluctuated changed to flatten from 1991 to 2010. The spatial distribution of drought and humidification in Weifang had a regional characteristic. In 1960s, it was relatively humid in the mid-west region and dry in the southeast area. The difference of drought and humidification in every region was very little in 1970s. It was dryer in every region in 1980s, and the southeast was the driest region, while the north on the contrary. The changes of drought and humidification among the regions had the same trend in 1990s and 2000s. As the spatial and temporal distributions of precipitation were uneven, the local drought and humidification distribution was anomaly, such as in 1999. The spatial distribution of the drought and humidification time between every 10 years had their respective characteristics. And it brought difficulty to the unified arrangements for the drought and flood control departments.