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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2012, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (27): 26-30.

所属专题： 玉米

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

春玉米测土施肥技术参数的研究

耿艳秋 刘淑霞 张亦驰 高强 许继平 吴立君 娄玉杰   

  • 收稿日期:2011-10-25 修回日期:2012-01-09 出版日期:2012-09-25 发布日期:2012-09-25
  • 基金资助:

    吉林省教育厅“十二五”科学技术研究项目;吉林省科技发展计划项目

Study on Spring Corn Soil Tests for Fertilizer Recommendations Technique Parameter

  • Received:2011-10-25 Revised:2012-01-09 Online:2012-09-25 Published:2012-09-25

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摘要：

为了科学合理施肥，促进农业持续发展，通过采用田间试验、养分速测和常规分析相结合的方法，研究草甸黑土上春玉米的目标产量、百公斤经济产量所需养分量、土壤的供肥量、肥料利用率及土壤有效养分的校正系数等参数。结果表明，在草甸黑土上，春玉米目标产量为9945 kg/hm2；每形成100 kg春玉米籽粒需要吸收氮2.27 kg、五氧化二磷0.88 kg、氧化钾2.01 kg；草甸黑土在玉米的生育期可提供氮212.4 kg/hm2，五氧化二磷81.4 kg/hm2，氧化钾209.9 kg/hm2；土壤有效养分校正系数：氮素为0.49，磷素为1.20，钾素为0.37；而肥料利用率：氮肥为27.8%，磷肥为10.8%，钾肥为20.6%。这说明测土施肥技术的参数是确定施肥量的关键，这些参数受土壤肥力、气候条件等影响，各个参数经过田间试验校验之后，可长期在该土类测土施肥中应用。通过连续3年正常年份春玉米的产量估测的春玉米的目标产量是比较科学合理的。

关键词: 环境互作, 环境互作

Abstract:

In order to scientific and reasonable fertilization, promoting sustainable development of agriculture, this study on the basis of indoor analysis, plot experiments and nutrient rapidly measure technique, spring corn anticipant objective yield, the absorbed nutrient quantities of 100 kg corn grain yield, soil providing nutrient quantities, the ratio of fertilizer utilization in meadow black soil and corrected coefficient of soil effective nutrient were systematically studied. The results showed that, in the meadow black soil the spring corn anticipant objective yield was 9945 kg/hm2, the absorbed nutrient quantities of 100 kg corn grain yield was N 2.27 kg, P2O5 0.88 kg, K2O 2.01 kg. Soil providing nutrient quantities was N 212.4 kg/hm2, P2O5 81.4 kg/hm2, K2O 209.9 kg/hm2. Corrected coefficient of soil effective nutrient was N 0.49, P2O5 1.20, K2O 0.37, but the ratio of fertilizer utilization was N fertilizer 27.8%, P fertilizer 10.8%, K fertilizer 20.6%. So the parameter of testing soil nutrient and recommending fertilizer utilization quantities was pivotal factor in fixing on fertilizer utilization by testing soil and recommending fertilizer. This parameter affected by soil fertility and climate factor, etc. This parameter might apply in the same soil for a long time by checkout of plot experiment. We had weighed up the spring corn yield by there years corn yield before is comparative scientific reasonable.