气象因素对甘蔗生产的影响及环境互作基因研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0739

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

甘蔗产量与蔗区的自然条件、生产条件、耕作制度、栽培管理技术措施和品种特性有密切关系,而与气象因素也息息相关。降雨量对甘蔗伸长期,成熟期有关键影响,与产量有正相关关系,挖掘利用不同作物的抗旱基因,可以提高甘蔗抗旱能力。大气相对湿度、温度、光照是影响甘蔗伸长、糖分累积和单产的重要因素。甘蔗的产量和含糖量受干旱、台风、洪涝灾害、低温高湿等气候因子的影响。本研究通过分析蔗区降水量、湿度、日照等气象因素对甘蔗产量的影响,结合甘蔗抗逆基因的研究进展,提出发展分子标记用于辅助选择甘蔗育种,研究不同灾害性天气对甘蔗产量性状之间的影响,对于甘蔗的生产有着指导性意义和巨大的经济意义。

关键词: 气象因素, 甘蔗, 产量, 环境互作基因, 影响因子

Abstract:

There are many factors which can affect the yield of sugarcane, including the natural conditions, production conditions, cultivation system, cultivation and management technologies and variety characteristics, and the sugarcane yield is also closely related to meteorological factors. Rainfall has key influence on sugarcane at elongating and maturity stage, and has a positive correlation with the yield. The exploration and utilization of drought resistance genes can improve the drought resistance of sugarcane. Atmospheric relative humidity, temperature and light are important factors affecting sugarcane elongation, sugar content accumulation and yield per unit area. Under the influence of unique climate condition, the yield and sugar content of sugarcane are limited by factors such as drought, typhoon, flood, low temperature and high humidity and etc. Based on the analysis of the influence of meteorological factors of rainfall, humidity, sunshine on sugarcane yield, the research progress of sugarcane stress resistance genes were summarized. It was proposed that the development of molecular-marker assisted selective sugarcane breeding could play an important role in increasing sugarcane yield, and support the research on the relationship between agrometeorology and sugarcane production.

Key words: meteorological factors, sugarcane, yield, environmental interaction genes, influencing factors

中图分类号:

S566.1

廖张波, 何远兰, 莫神带. 气象因素对甘蔗生产的影响及环境互作基因研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(21): 82-87.

LIAO Zhangbo, HE Yuanlan, MO Shendai. The Effect of Meteorological Factors on Sugarcane Yield and Research Progress of Environmental Interaction Genes[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(21): 82-87.

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