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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (8): 58-63.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1069

所属专题： 生物技术； 土壤重金属污染； 油料作物； 小麦

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

沼渣施用对花生小麦轮作作物产量及土壤养分和重金属含量的影响

秦乃群1(), 马巧云2, 高敬伟1, 杨璞1, 蔡金兰1, 郝迎春1, 李艳梅2, 冀洪策1(), 廖祥政2()   

  1. 1邓州市农业技术推广中心,河南邓州 474100
    2北京杂交小麦工程技术研究中心,北京 100097
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-08 修回日期:2022-01-13 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-04-06
  • 通讯作者: 冀洪策,廖祥政
  • 作者简介:秦乃群,男,1962年出生,河南邓州人,研究员,本科,主要从事粮油作物生产研究。通信地址：474150 河南省邓州市湍河街道邓州市农业技术推广中心,Tel：0377-62183146,E-mail： 13782009884@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    河南省财政厅、农业厅关于下达2016粮油绿色高产高效创建补助资金的通知(20160118)

Effects of Biogas Residue Application on Nutrient and Heavy Metal Content in Soil and Yield of Crops Under Peanut-wheat Rotation

QIN Naiqun1(), MA Qiaoyun2, GAO Jingwei1, YANG Pu1, CAI Jinlan1, HAO Yingchun1, LI Yanmei2, JI Hongce1(), LIAO Xiangzheng2()   

  1. 1Dengzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Dengzhou, Henan 474100
    2Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097
  • Received:2021-11-08 Revised:2022-01-13 Online:2022-03-15 Published:2022-04-06
  • Contact: JI Hongce,LIAO Xiangzheng

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摘要：

为研究沼渣施用对花生小麦轮作作物产量及土壤养分和重金属含量的影响,试验共设置6种施肥处理,每个处理都施750 kg/hm2复合肥为底肥,1.5×104 kg/hm2 (A1)、3.0×104 kg/hm2 (A2)、4.5×104 kg/hm2 (A3)、6.0×104 kg/hm2 (A4)、7.5×104 kg/hm2 (A5)、对照CK不施沼渣(A6),分析了不同处理作物产量、籽粒重金属含量、土壤养分和重金属含量。试验结果表明：施沼渣的花生产量比对照增产幅度为4.74%~9.03%,处理A2、A3、A4、A5的产量比对照A6增产差异显著(P<0.05),施沼渣的小麦产量比对照增产幅度为3.08%~7.38%,处理A2、A3、A4、A5的产量比对照A6增产差异显著(P<0.05),处理A2的花生和小麦产量都比对照A6的增产差异显著,且沼肥用量最低,是适宜的沼肥用量;与不施肥相比,沼肥显著增加了土壤养分含量,土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量变幅分别为56.80~107.23 g/kg、0.26%~0.45%、93.77~128.67 mg/kg、218.33~329.67 mg/kg;花生籽仁和小麦籽粒中均未检测出Hg和As,Pb、Cd和Cr含量的变幅分别为0.023~0.07、0.11~0.23、0.015~0.062 mg/kg,均低于《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762—2017)的标准;不同处理土壤Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr和As含量分别为0.046~0.061、23.4~29.7、0.09~0.22、71.1~89.5、12.0~14.4 mg/kg,远低于国家《土壤环境质量 农用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》(GB 15618—2018)标准值。

关键词: 产量, 沼渣, 花生小麦轮作, 土壤养分, 重金属

Abstract:

To study the effects of biogas residue application on nutrient and heavy metal content in soil and yield of crops under peanut-wheat rotation, field experiments were carried out including six fertilizer treatments, i.e., 1.5×104 kg/hm2 (A1), 3.0×104 kg/hm2 (A2), 4.5×104 kg/hm2 (A3), 6.0×104 kg/hm2 (A4), 7.5×104 kg/hm2 (A5) and no biogas residue treatment (CK, A6), with the application of 750 kg/hm2 compound fertilizer as basal fertilizer in each treatment. The grain yield of crops, the heavy metal content in grains, and the soil nutrient and heavy metal content were determined respectively. The results showed that the yield of peanut using biogas residue increased by 4.74% to 9.03% compared with that of the control, the yield of A2, A3, A4 and A5 was significantly higher than that of control (A6) (P<0.05); the yield of wheat using biogas residue increased by 3.08%-7.38% compared with that of the control, the yield of A2, A3, A4 and A5 was significantly higher than that of control (A6) (P<0.05); treatment A2 had significantly higher yield of peanut and wheat compared with that of A6, and the lowest biogas residue using amount, so it was the appropriate application amount of biogas residue. Compared with no biogas residue application, the addition of biogas residue significantly increased soil nutrients’ content, the content variation range of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium was 56.80-107.23 g/kg, 0.26%-0.45%, 93.77-128.67 and 218.33-329.67 mg/kg, respectively. Hg and As were not detected in peanut or wheat grains, and the content of Pb, Cd and Cr changed in the range of 0.023-0.07, 0.11-0.23 and 0.015-0.062 mg/kg, respectively, all lower than The National Food Safety Standard Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Foods (GB 2762—2017). The soil content of Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr and As was 0.046-0.061, 23.4-29.7, 0.09-0.22, 71.1-89.5 and 12.0-14.4 mg/kg, respectively, all were lower than The Soil Environmental Quality - Agricultural Land Soil Pollution Risk Control Standard (Trial) (GB 15618—2018).

Key words: yield, biogas residue, peanut-wheat rotation, soil nutrient, heavy metal

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