苇基杏鲍菇栽培及产品分析

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0075

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以木屑栽培的产业化杏鲍菇产品为对照，分析芦苇基质栽培的杏鲍菇形态、有机养分、矿质元素及重金属含量，从形态和营养上研究芦苇基质替代木屑栽培食用菌的可行性。结果表明，2种杏鲍菇的形态、鲜重、含水率、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、氨基酸含量等指标无显著差异。苇基杏鲍菇的粗多糖和锌含量显著低于木屑杏鲍菇，但其钙和铁含量显著高于后者。重金属中砷和镉的含量虽然有差异，但均低于食品安全标准。总体上，芦苇基质替代木屑栽培食用菌技术具有推广空间。

关键词: 芦苇, 食用菌, 鲜重, 有机营养, 微量元素, 重金属

Abstract:

Taking Pleurotus eryngii cultivated on wood as the control, the mushroom cultivated on Phragmites australis substrate was analyzed for morphology, organic nutrients, and the contents of mineral elements and heavy metals. The feasibility of using Phragmites australis to cultivate mushroom instead of wood was proposed from morphology and nutrition perspectives. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the morphology, fresh weight and water content of Pleurotus eryngii between the two kinds of cultivation, as well as in the contents of crude protein, crude fat and amino acid. The contents of crude polysaccharide and zinc were significantly lower in mushroom cultivated on Phragmites australis than those on wood, but the calcium and iron contents were significantly higher in the former than in the latter. Although there were some differences of arsenic and cadmium contents of mushroom between Phragmites australis and wood cultivation, the mushroom cultivated on both substrates could meet the food safety standards. In general, Phragmites australis cultivating mushroom instead of wood has a huge potential for promotion.

Key words: Phragmites australis, edible mushroom, fresh weight, organic nutrients, trace elements, heavy metals

中图分类号:

S156.4

李晓宇. 苇基杏鲍菇栽培及产品分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(1): 51-55.

LI Xiaoyu. Cultivation and Product Analysis of Pleurotus eryngii on Phragmites australis Substrates[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(1): 51-55.

图/表 6

参考文献 31

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营养成分	含量	营养成分	含量	营养成分	含量
蛋白质	3.19	灰分	9.53	钾	0.85
脂肪	0.94	氮	0.51	钙	0.14
纤维	72.5	磷	0.08	镁	0.06

营养成分	含量	营养成分	含量	营养成分	含量
蛋白质	3.19	灰分	9.53	钾	0.85
脂肪	0.94	氮	0.51	钙	0.14
纤维	72.5	磷	0.08	镁	0.06

杏鲍菇	菇长/cm	菌盖直径/cm	鲜重/(g/个)	干重/(g/个)	含水率/%
苇基	17.88±0.94a	4.72±0.25a	167.95±16.04a	15.30±2.05a	90.86±1.34a
木屑	19.83±0.44a	4.77±0.18a	159.90±9.70a	18.91±0.99a	88.08±0.96a

杏鲍菇	菇长/cm	菌盖直径/cm	鲜重/(g/个)	干重/(g/个)	含水率/%
苇基	17.88±0.94a	4.72±0.25a	167.95±16.04a	15.30±2.05a	90.86±1.34a
木屑	19.83±0.44a	4.77±0.18a	159.90±9.70a	18.91±0.99a	88.08±0.96a

杏鲍菇	粗多糖/(g/100 g)	总氨基酸/%	粗蛋白/%	粗脂肪/%	总糖/%
苇基	2.09±0.11a	15.53±0.83a	21.30±1.14a	1.33±0.07a	52.53±2.81a
木屑	2.92±0.16b	17.70±0.95a	21.57±1.16a	1.26±0.06a	49.18±2.64a