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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (28): 72-78.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0883

所属专题： 生物技术； 土壤重金属污染

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

水丰湖流域沉积物、底质营养物及重金属含量调查与评价

褚向乾1,2(), 李红娜3, 吕卫光1,4,5, 郑宪清1,4,5, 李双喜1,4,5, 张娟琴1,4,5, 王全华2, 张翰林1,4,5()   

  1. 1上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海 201403
    2上海师范大学生命科学学院,上海 201418
    3中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京 100081
    4农业部上海农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站,上海 201403
    5上海市农业环境保护监测站,上海 201403
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-09 修回日期:2021-12-20 出版日期:2022-10-05 发布日期:2022-09-28
  • 通讯作者: 张翰林
  • 作者简介:褚向乾,男,1996年出生,山东济南人,在读硕士,研究方向：环境监测。通信地址：201403上海奉献金齐路1000号 上海农业科学院,E-mail： a13964000402@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    江河湖泊生态环境保护专项“水丰湖生态安全调查与评估”(2015110001002940)

Nutrients and Heavy Metals in Sediments and Substrate of Shuifeng Lake Basin: Investigation and Evaluation

CHU Xiangqian1,2(), LI Hongna3, LV Weiguang1,4,5, ZHENG Xianqing1,4,5, LI Shuangxi1,4,5, ZHANG Juanqin1,4,5, WANG Quanhua2, ZHANG Hanlin1,4,5()   

  1. 1Eco-environmental Protection Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403
    2College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201418
    3Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    4Agricultural Environment and Farmland Conservation Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403
    5Environmental Protection Monitoring Station of Shanghai, Shanghai 201403
  • Received:2021-09-09 Revised:2021-12-20 Online:2022-10-05 Published:2022-09-28
  • Contact: ZHANG Hanlin

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摘要：

为评价水丰湖流域沉积物与底质中富营养化和重金属累积的环境风险,于2014年5月（平水期）、8月（丰水期）和11月（冰封期）在水丰湖流域9个采样点中采集沉积物和底质样本,分析沉积物和底质中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、有机质、锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铅(Pb)、汞(Hg)、铜(Cu)、镍(Ni)、砷(As)的含量,应用水体底质有机污染评价标准和Hakanson潜在生态风险评价方法对水丰湖富营养化程度和重金属的污染水平进行评估。结果显示,水丰湖流域沉积物和底质的TN含量分别为0.172%和0.167%,大部分点位（17/27和16/27）处于丰富状态,TP的含量分别为0.192%和0.174%,总体（25/27和20/27）处于丰富状态。沉积物、底质的有机质含量平均值分别为29.85、27.87 g/kg,均为较低程度。重金属方面,Hg和Cu的污染较为严重,大部分采样点(7/9)为中等程度污染,且有较高程度的潜在风险。综上,水丰湖流域的沉积物和底质的营养含量较为丰富,个别重金属(Cu、Hg)含量超标,尚未发生重大污染,但需要加强营养物质和重金属累积的管控。

关键词: 水丰湖, 沉积物, 底质, 营养物质, 重金属

Abstract:

To evaluate the environmental risk of eutrophication and heavy metal accumulation in sediments and substrate of Shuifeng Lake basin, in May (normal water period), August (high water period) and November (freezing period) of 2014, sediment and substrate samples were collected from 9 sampling points in the Shuifeng Lake basin. The contents of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), organic matter, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Cu, Ni and As in sediments and substrate were analyzed, and the eutrophication and heavy metal pollution were evaluated by using the organic pollution evaluation standard of water substrate and the Hakanson potential ecological risk evaluation method. The results showed that the content of TN in sediments and substrate was 0.172% and 0.167%, respectively, which was generally in a rich state (17/27 and 16/27). The content of TP was 0.192% and 0.174%, respectively, which was at a high level (25/27 and 20/27). The average content of organic matter in sediments and substrate was 29.85 g/kg and 27.87 g/kg, respectively, showing a low level. In terms of heavy metals, the pollution of Hg and Cu were relatively serious, and most of the sampling points were moderately polluted (7/9), and there was a high degree of potential risk. In general, the eutrophication of sediment and substrate in Shuifeng Lake basin is high, and the contents of some heavy metals exceed the standard. Although serious pollution has not occurred, it is necessary to strengthen the control of the accumulation of nutrients and heavy metals.

Key words: Shuifeng Lake, sediment, substrate, nutrients, heavy metals

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