严格管控类耕地特定农作物重金属安全性评估

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0209

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 52-58.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0209

所属专题：土壤重金属污染；耕地保护

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇下一篇

严格管控类耕地特定农作物重金属安全性评估

张慧敏(), 鲍广灵, 周晓天, 高琳琳, 胡宏祥, 马友华()

安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室,合肥 230036

收稿日期:2021-03-04 修回日期:2021-06-03 出版日期:2022-01-25 发布日期:2022-02-25
通讯作者: 马友华
作者简介:张慧敏,女,1990年出生,安徽淮北人,博士研究生,研究方向：土壤重金属污染修复。通信地址：230036 安徽合肥蜀山区长江西路130号安徽农业大学,E-mail： 383392422@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目“都市农区镉砷污染防治与生态安全保障技术示范”(2018YFD0800203);国家重点研发计划项目子课题“农田Cu、Cd重金属中重度污染防控技术集成与示范”(2016YFD0801104);安徽省科技重大攻关项目“农田重金属污染高效纳米修复材料的开发与应用”(17030701053)

Safety Assessment of Heavy Metals in Specific Crops of Strictly Controlled Farmland

ZHANG Huimin(), BAO Guangling, ZHOU Xiaotian, GAO Linlin, HU Hongxiang, MA Youhua()

Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036

Received:2021-03-04 Revised:2021-06-03 Online:2022-01-25 Published:2022-02-25
Contact: MA Youhua

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

严格管控类耕地是指土壤重金属（镉、汞、砷、铅、铬）含量超过《土壤环境质量农用地风险管控标准》(GB15618—2018)中风险管制值的耕地。本文对严格管控类耕地种植可食用农作物的重金属安全性进行了评估,旨在为严格管控类耕地种植结构调整以及受污染耕地安全利用提供参考。现有的研究表明,严格管控类耕地种植油料作物,如油菜、花生、芝麻、向日葵籽粒等,重金属易超标,但植物油中的重金属含量如砷和铅等在安全限量以下,可安全食用;但油茶籽油重金属超标率较高,在严格管控类耕地种植需进一步评估品种的积累特性以及籽粒油的安全性;油料作物粕饼经过重金属去除后,可以作为优良的动物饲料和有机肥,能将资源利用最大化。严格管控类耕地种植玉米作为青贮饲料,存在重金属超标风险,而玉米籽粒重金属超标风险相对较低,可进一步筛选低积累玉米品种以达到籽粒安全食用的目的;严格管控类耕地开辟茶园,茶叶的重金属安全性有待进一步研究。需进一步开展食用农作物重金属安全性系列研究,完善食用类作物重金属安全限量标准体系,加强严格管控类耕地作物秸秆处理与资源化利用技术研发,建立严格管控类耕地特定农作物秸秆回收处理与生态补偿机制。

关键词: 严格管控类耕地, 重金属, 食品安全, 油料作物, 玉米, 茶树

Abstract:

Strictly controlled farmland refers to the cultivated land with heavy metals’ contents (cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead and chromium) exceeding the risk control standard specified by Soil Environmental Quality Agricultural Land Risk Control Standards (GB15618-2018). This article evaluated the safety of planting edible crops in strictly controlled farmland, aiming to provide reference for cultivation structure adjustment in strictly controlled farmland, as well as the safe use of contaminated farmland. Present research indicates that the heavy metals in the seeds easily exceed the standards when oil crops, such as rape, peanut, sesame and sunflower, are cultivated in strictly controlled farmland, while heavy metals’ (such as As and Pb) contents in vegetable oil are lower than the safety limits, and the oil is safe for diet. But for Camellia oleifera seed oil, the excessive rate of heavy metals is relatively high, so it is necessary to further evaluate the heavy metals’ accumulation characteristics of Camellia oleifera varieties, and the safety of Camellia oleifera seed oil. Seed meals could be used as animal feeds and organic fertilizers after the removal of heavy metals, which could maximize the utilization of resources. Nevertheless, there is a risk of excessive heavy metals in maize silage cultivated in strictly controlled farmland, while the risk in maize grains is relatively low, and the low heavy metal accumulation maize varieties could be further screened to achieve the purpose of safe production of grains. The safety of heavy metals in tea should be further studied in strictly controlled farmland. Furthermore, it is necessary to improve the standard system of heavy metal safety limits of edible crops, strengthen the research and development of straw treatment and resource utilization technologies, and establish an ecological compensation mechanism of specific crop straw recycling in strictly controlled farmland.

Key words: strictly controlled farmland, heavy metals, food safety, oil crops, maize, tea tree

中图分类号:

张慧敏, 鲍广灵, 周晓天, 高琳琳, 胡宏祥, 马友华. 严格管控类耕地特定农作物重金属安全性评估[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(3): 52-58.

ZHANG Huimin, BAO Guangling, ZHOU Xiaotian, GAO Linlin, HU Hongxiang, MA Youhua. Safety Assessment of Heavy Metals in Specific Crops of Strictly Controlled Farmland[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(3): 52-58.

图/表 1

参考文献 50

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严格管控类耕地特定农作物重金属安全性评估

Safety Assessment of Heavy Metals in Specific Crops of Strictly Controlled Farmland

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作物种类		铅Pb	镉Cd	砷As	汞Hg	铬Cr	参考文献
油菜	籽粒	1.9±0.3^h	0.9±0.1f^g	2.35±0.28	0.11±0.04	—	[3-4]
	籽粒油	0.03±1 E-3^c	0.01±0.002^b	ND	ND	—
	饼粕	2.43±0.19^b	0.95±0.04^b	4.34±0.98	0.21±0.09	—
	土壤	699±124	10.3±0.5	292.92	1.46	—
花生	籽粒	3.5±1.5^h	3.5±1.0f^g	2.45±0.52	0.14±0.02	—
	籽粒油	0.04±0.004^b	0.05±0.002^a	ND	ND	—
	饼粕	0.54±0.03^c	1.02±.006^b	3.15±0.87	0.26±0.04	—
	土壤	699±124	10.3±0.5	292.92	1.46	—
芝麻	籽粒	6.9±1.1g^h	0.3±0.1^g	—	—	—	[3]
	籽粒油	0.04±0.002^b	0.011±1 E-3^b	—	—	—
	饼粕	13.83±0.73^a	0.44±0.07^c	—	—	—
	土壤	699±124	10.3±0.5	—	—	—
向日葵	籽粒	0.5±0.1^h	2.3±0.2f^g	—	—	—
	籽粒油	0.07±0.002^a	ND	—	—	—
	饼粕	0.71±0.04^c	3.97±0.16^a	—	—	—
	土壤	699±124	10.3±0.5	—	—	—
大豆	籽粒	4.89	0.707±0.564	0.059±0.026	—	0.31±0.23	[23-24]
	籽粒油	0.015	—	—	—	—
	饼粕	1500	21	—	—	—

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