基于区块链的农产品溯源：优势与挑战

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0547

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着消费者对农产品质量安全的要求不断提高,快速响应、高效控制、安全保障成为现代农产品安全领域的重要课题。由于传统溯源系统存在原始信息少、信息不透明和可靠性差等问题,消费者对农产品溯源技术并不信任。且各组织之间互不信任,信息断层现象时常发生,出现问题后职责追溯困难,安全管控的效果难以满足社会需求。区块链技术的可追溯性、不可篡改和去中心化等特点,可以很好的解决传统溯源系统的缺陷。区块链作为一项新兴技术,在农产品溯源方面具有巨大的潜力。然而,基于区块链技术的农产品溯源系统的优势、挑战和亟需解决的问题,还没有得到充分探讨。本研究以大米溯源系统为例,提出了基于区块链技术的农产品溯源系统的框架设计。详细介绍了如何通过物联网技术获取大米的供应链数据信息。最后,分析了基于区块链技术的农产品溯源方法的优势和挑战。本研究为研究人员和从业人员提供了基于区块链技术的农产品溯源系统的宝贵信息,并对改善农产品可持续性产生了积极的影响。

关键词: 农产品, 食品安全, 溯源, 区块链, 物联网

Abstract:

With the continuous improvement of consumers’ requirements for the quality and safety of agricultural products, rapid response, efficient control and safety guarantee have become important topics in the field of modern agricultural products’ safety. Due to the lack of original information, the opacity of information and the poor reliability of the traditional traceability system, consumers do not trust the traceability technology of agricultural products. In addition, organizations do not trust each other, information fault often occurs, and it is difficult to trace responsibilities in face of the problems. The effect of safety control is difficult to meet social needs. Blockchain technology has the characteristics of traceability, non-tampering and decentralization, which can well offset the defects of traditional traceability system. As an emerging technology, blockchain has great potential in the traceability of agricultural products. However, the advantages, challenges and urgent problems of agricultural product traceability system based on blockchain technology have not been fully discussed. Taking rice traceability system as an example, this paper puts forward the framework design of agricultural product traceability system based on blockchain technology, and introduces how to obtain the rice supply chain data information through the Internet of Things technology in detail. Finally, the paper analyzes the advantages and challenges of the agricultural product traceability method based on blockchain technology. This paper can provide certain information on the agricultural product traceability system based on blockchain technology for researchers and practitioners and have a positive impact on improving the sustainability of agricultural products.

Key words: agricultural products, food safety, traceability, blockchain, the Internet of Things

中图分类号:

吕星辰, 孟军. 基于区块链的农产品溯源：优势与挑战[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(9): 157-164.

LV Xingchen, MENG Jun. Blockchain-Based Agricultural Traceability: Advantages and Challenges[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(9): 157-164.

图/表 7

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追溯环节	追溯信息
种植环节	地块信息、种子信息、责任人员信息等
仓储环节	仓储环境、仓库ID
加工环节	环境信息、生产日期、责任人员信息
物流环节	物流公司信息、物流人员信息、车辆信息
销售环节	销售点信息、销售时间

追溯环节	追溯信息
种植环节	地块信息、种子信息、责任人员信息等
仓储环节	仓储环境、仓库ID
加工环节	环境信息、生产日期、责任人员信息
物流环节	物流公司信息、物流人员信息、车辆信息
销售环节	销售点信息、销售时间

用户节点	追溯信息	节点功能
农户	种植环节详细信息、其他环节基础信息	查询、录入、确认
生产/加工企业	加工环节详细信息、其他环节基础信息	查询、录入、确认
物流公司	物流环节详细信息、其他环节基础信息	查询、录入、确认
零售商	销售环节详细信息、其他环节基础信息	查询、录入、确认
消费者	所有环节基础信息	查询
检测机构	所有环节详细信息	查询
监管部门	所有环节详细信息	查询

用户节点	追溯信息	节点功能
农户	种植环节详细信息、其他环节基础信息	查询、录入、确认
生产/加工企业	加工环节详细信息、其他环节基础信息	查询、录入、确认
物流公司	物流环节详细信息、其他环节基础信息	查询、录入、确认
零售商	销售环节详细信息、其他环节基础信息	查询、录入、确认
消费者	所有环节基础信息	查询
检测机构	所有环节详细信息	查询
监管部门	所有环节详细信息	查询