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中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (18): 100-106.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0725

所属专题: 生物技术 土壤重金属污染

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

诸暨市不同作物对土壤镉铅吸收的研究:富集系数和安全阈值

张耿苗(), 赵钰杰   

  1. 浙江省诸暨市农业技术推广中心,浙江诸暨 311800
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-27 修回日期:2021-10-23 出版日期:2022-06-25 发布日期:2022-07-14
  • 作者简介:张耿苗,男,1976年出生,浙江诸暨人,高级农艺师,本科,主要从事土壤肥料技术推广工作。通信地址:311800 浙江省诸暨市暨阳路314号 诸暨市农业技术推广中心,E-mail: 75022979@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    2020年中央专项资金土壤污染防治项目(财环资[2019]59号)

The Uptake of Cd and Pb by Different Crops in Zhuji City: Enrichment Factor and Safety Threshold

ZHANG Gengmiao(), ZHAO Yujie   

  1. Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Zhuji City, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800
  • Received:2021-07-27 Revised:2021-10-23 Online:2022-06-25 Published:2022-07-14

摘要:

不同作物对重金属的吸收能力有较大的差异,对此了解有助于因地制宜地选择合适的农作物进行污染耕地的安全利用。文章以诸暨市为例,同时采集了489对不同作物可食部位与对应耕层土壤样品测试镉、铅含量,计算了农作物可食部位镉、铅的富集系数,制订了稻谷、瓜茄果菜和叶菜安全生产的土壤镉、铅阈值。结果表明:农作物对镉的富集能力明显高于对铅的富集,市内农田土壤镉污染风险较高,发生铅污染的风险较小。不同作物对镉的富集系数有很大的变化,稻谷、花生中镉的平均富集系数高于蔬菜。叶菜对镉的富集系数高于根茎蔬菜、豆类蔬菜及瓜茄果类蔬菜。镉污染农田可种植玉米、番薯替代水稻,降低污染风险;在污染农田中种植蔬菜,应优先考虑种植瓜茄果蔬菜、根茎蔬菜或豆类蔬菜。对比分析表明,市内农产品镉、铅卫生质量状况与土壤环境质量类别存在明显的交错现象;在土壤环境质量筛选值以下,仍然存在稻谷镉超标的风险。但调查结果也表明,瓜茄果类蔬菜和叶菜安全生产的镉和铅阈值低于筛选值,酸性、微酸性和中性土壤中当镉含量分别在1.00、1.40、4.20 mg/kg以下及铅含量分别在141、448、1530 mg/kg以下时,没有发现瓜茄果蔬菜重金属超标;土壤镉含量分别在0.32、0.50和2.00 mg/kg以下和铅含量分别在87.30、121.00、164.00 mg/kg以下时,没有发生叶菜重金属超标现象。

关键词: 农产品, 镉, 铅, 富集系数, 阈值, 安全利用

Abstract:

Different crops have great differences in heavy metal uptake capacity, and to understand their uptake capacity is helpful to select suitable planting crops for the safe utilization of contaminated farmland according to local conditions. In this study, 489 pairs of samples of both edible parts of different crops and corresponding plough soil were collected simultaneously from different areas of Zhuji City to test their Cd and Pb contents, calculate the enrichment factors of Cd and Pb in the edible parts, and formulate the soil Cd and Pb threshold for safe production of rice, melon-eggplant vegetables and leafy vegetables. The results showed that the Cd enrichment capacity of the crops was significantly higher than Pb. The pollution risk of Cd in the farmland soil of the city was higher than that of Pb. The enrichment factors of Cd varied greatly among different crops. The average enrichment factor of Cd in rice and peanut was higher than those in the vegetables. The Cd enrichment factor of leafy vegetables was higher than those of rhizome vegetables, legume vegetables and melon-eggplant vegetables. Maize and sweet potato could be planted instead of rice in the Cd-polluted farmland. For planting vegetables in the polluted farmland, the priority should be given to melon-eggplant, rhizome and legume vegetables. The results also showed that there was an obviously staggered phenomenon between the sanitary quality of Cd and Pb in agricultural products and the soil environmental quality. Below the screening value of soil environmental quality, there was still the risk of rice Cd exceeding the standard. However, the investigation results clarified that the threshold values of Cd and Pb for safe production of melon-eggplant vegetables and leafy vegetables were lower than their screening values. In acid, slightly acid and neutral soil, when the Cd content was below 1.00, 1.40 and 4.20 mg/kg respectively, and the Pb content was below 141, 448 and 1530 mg/kg respectively, there was no over-standard heavy metals in melon-eggplant vegetables, and when the Cd content in the three kinds of soil was below 0.32, 0.50 and 2.00 mg/kg respectively, and the Pb content was below 87.30, 121.00 and 164.00 mg/kg respectively, there was no over-standard heavy metals in leafy vegetables.

Key words: agricultural products, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), enrichment factor, threshold value, safe utilization

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