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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (13): 120-126.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0509

所属专题： 土壤重金属污染； 小麦

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

调理剂与耕作栽培措施修复镉污染麦田土壤效果研究

周芬1(), 刘源2(), 李中阳2,3, 李宝贵2, 李乐乐4, 陶甄2   

  1. 1南京索益盟环保科技有限公司,南京 210012
    2中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡 453002
    3河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,河南商丘 476000
    4牧原食品股份有限公司,河南南阳 473000
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-13 修回日期:2021-07-21 出版日期:2022-05-05 发布日期:2022-06-08
  • 通讯作者: 刘源
  • 作者简介:周芬,女,1985年出生,安徽安庆人,硕士,主要从事土壤和地下水污染防治研究。通信地址：210012 南京市雨花台区雨花东路1号3楼 南京索益盟环保科技有限公司,E-mail： zhoufen451@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    “十三五”国家重点研发计划“黄淮平原小麦玉米重金属农艺调控技术研究”(2017YFD0801103-2);国家自然科学基金项目“根系带电特征对根系吸附和吸收抗生素的影响”(41701265);河南省科技攻关计划项目“再生水长期灌溉对土壤抗生素抗性基因扩散的影响”(202102110215);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项所级统筹项目“不同灌溉方式对养殖废水污染物调控机制研究”(FIRI2019-04-02)

Remediation Effects of Conditioners and Cultivation Measures on Cadmium-contaminated Wheat Field

ZHOU Fen1(), LIU Yuan2(), LI Zhongyang2,3, LI Baogui2, LI Lele4, TAO Zhen2   

  1. 1Nanjing SReMOL Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210012
    2Institute of Farmland Irrigation of CAAS, Xinxiang, Henan 453002
    3National Research and Observation Station of Shangqiu Agro-ecology System, Shangqiu, Henan 476000
    4Mu Yuan Food Co., Ltd., Nanyang, Henan 473000
  • Received:2021-05-13 Revised:2021-07-21 Online:2022-05-05 Published:2022-06-08
  • Contact: LIU Yuan

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摘要：

为筛选出适合华北地区推广的中轻度Cd污染麦田土壤的原位修复措施,对比7种调理剂和3种耕作栽培措施的修复效果。以河南省北部某地区因污水灌溉导致Cd污染的麦田土壤为研究对象,选用不同调理剂（钙肥、硅肥、过磷酸钙、钙镁磷肥、生物质炭、骨炭）、叶面肥和不同耕作栽培措施（深耕、深松和密植）,在小麦季进行大田修复试验。结果表明,与对照相比,过磷酸钙对土壤pH的增加作用以及土壤有效态Cd含量、根系和籽粒中Cd含量的降低作用最显著。钙肥对土壤有效态Cd和籽粒中Cd含量的降低效果仅次于过磷酸钙,但其降低茎叶中Cd含量的作用最显著。硅肥有效地抑制了Cd从根系向地上部的转运。钙镁磷肥增产效果最显著,深耕处理对20~40 cm土壤总根长增加作用最显著。生物质炭和深耕处理对土壤有效态Cd和植株不同部位Cd均有一定的降低作用。骨炭和叶面肥处理虽然未降低根系中Cd含量,却降低了茎叶和籽粒中Cd含量。深松和密植处理的修复效果不明显,且密植处理增加了土壤有效态Cd含量。与籽粒Cd含量相关度最高的因素是茎叶Cd含量和土壤pH。综合修复效果和修复成本,施用过磷酸钙是华北地区轻度Cd污染麦田土壤修复的选择之一。

关键词: 调理剂, 耕作方式, 土壤, 镉, 小麦

Abstract:

To select suitable in situ remediation measures for mild to medium Cd-contaminated wheat field in north China, the repair effects of seven kinds of conditioners and three kinds of cultivation measures were compared. A Cd-contaminated field caused by wastewater irrigation in northern Henan Province was taken as the research farmland, and the experiment was conducted in the wheat-growing season. The conditioners included calcium fertilizer, silicon fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer, biochar, and bone charcoal. The cultivation measures included deep tillage, deep loosening, and dense planting. Foliar fertilizer was also applied in the experiment. The results showed that compared with the control, calcium superphosphate treatment was the most effective in the increase of soil pH as well as the decrease of soil available Cd, root Cd and grain Cd. Though the reducing effect of calcium fertilizer on soil Cd and grain Cd was second only to that of calcium superphosphate, its role in lowering shoot Cd was the most significant. Silicon fertilizer effectively suppressed Cd transportation from roots to the aboveground parts. Calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer enhanced the yield most obviously. Deep tillage measure was the most efficient in increasing total root length in soil of 20-40 cm, and it was also functional in lowering Cd in soil and different plant tissues to some degree, which was also true for biochar treatment. Though bone charcoal and foliar fertilizer treatment did not reduce the root Cd, they lowered the shoot and grain Cd. Deep loosening and dense planting did not work in the remediation. More unexpectedly, dense planting treatment increased soil available Cd. The factors associated with grain Cd most strongly were shoot Cd content and soil pH. Taking remediation effect and cost into consideration, the application of calcium superphosphate is one of the best choice for the remediation of Cd-contaminated wheat field in north China.

Key words: conditioners, cultivation measures, soil, cadmium, wheat

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