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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (8): 64-71.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0339

所属专题： 生物技术； 小麦

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同产量水平下冬小麦水肥利用特性研究

武志斌1,2(), 黄超1,3, 雷媛1,3, 敬峰1,3, 刘战东1()   

  1. 1中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业农村部作物需水与调控重点实验室,河南新乡 453002
    2新乡市土壤肥料工作站,河南新乡 453002
    3中国农业科学院研究生院,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-31 修回日期:2021-08-04 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-04-06
  • 通讯作者: 刘战东
  • 作者简介:武志斌,男,1972年出生,河南新乡人,高级农艺师,主要从事土壤肥料技术推广工作。通信地址：453002 河南省新乡市红旗区向阳路465号,E-mail： 303783737@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    河南省自然科学基金面上项目“灌溉方式和制度对麦田水氮利用的调控机制”(202300410553);中央科研院所基本科研业务费“黄河流域变化环境主要作物需水过程研究”(FIRI202001-03);中国农业科学院创新工程“黄淮海冬小麦-夏玉米集约高效用水技术创新与应用”(ASTIP)

Water and Fertilizer Utilization Characteristics of Winter Wheat Under Different Yield Levels

WU Zhibin1,2(), HUANG Chao1,3, LEI Yuan1,3, JING Feng1,3, LIU Zhandong1()   

  1. 1Key Laboratory for Crop Water Requirement and Its Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan 453002
    2Xinxiang Soil & Fertilizer Working Station, Xinxiang, Henan 453002;
    3Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2021-03-31 Revised:2021-08-04 Online:2022-03-15 Published:2022-04-06
  • Contact: LIU Zhandong

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摘要：

根据黄淮海地区冬小麦多年不同产量需肥特征进行配方施肥,来模拟冬小麦不同产量水平,进而研究不同产量下冬小麦生长发育及水肥利用等特性,为田间水肥管理和高效用水及合理施肥提供理论依据。本试验于2018—2019年在中国农业科学院新乡综合试验基地进行,试验设置4个产量水平,分别为7.50 t/hm2(C0),8.25 t/hm2(C5),9.00 t/hm2(C10),9.75 t/hm2(C15),以不施肥为对照处理(CK)。结果表明,随产量的增加,冬小麦株高、SPAD、穗数、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重和生物量均呈上升趋势,无效小穗数呈下降趋势,较CK处理相比,C15处理株高、SPAD、穗数、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重和生物量分别提高17.8%、69.1%、68.6%、15.3%、16.5%、17.3%、34.9%,收获指数达到53.2%。随产量的增加,冬小麦耗水量显著增加,水分利用效率呈上升趋势,C10耗水量增加22.8%,水分利用效率增加9.9%;收获后C10土壤全氮全磷较播前显著增加,C15显著减少,肥料贡献率随产量增加显著提高,偏生产力显著降低。冬小麦产量的提高主要依赖于较高的穗数和全生育期干物质的积累,结合冬小麦产量、耗水量,水分利用等认为C10处理水肥利用最佳。

关键词: 冬小麦, 耗水量, 水分利用效率, 肥料利用, 产量

Abstract:

According to the requirement characteristics of different winter wheat yields on fertilizer in Huang-Huai-Hai area, formula fertilization was carried out to simulate different yield levels of winter wheat and study the characteristics of growth and development as well as water and fertilizer utilization under different yields, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient use of water and application of fertilizer. The experiment was conducted in Xinxiang Comprehensive Experimental Base of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 2018 to 2019. We set four yield levels, including 7.50 t/hm2 (C0), 8.25 t/hm2 (C5), 9.00 t/hm2 (C10) and 9.75 t/hm2 (C15), with no fertilization as control (CK). The results showed that all the indicators of the plant height, SPAD, ear number per hectare, ear length, grains per ear, 1000-grain weight and biomass of winter wheat increased with the increase of yield, while the invalid spike number decreased. Compared with those of CK treatment, the plant height, SPAD, ear number per hectare, ear length, grains number per ear, 1000-grain weight and biomass of C15 treatment increased by 17.8%, 69.1%, 68.6%, 15.3%, 16.5%, 17.3%, 34.9%, respectively, and the harvest index was 53.2%. With the increase of yield, the water consumption of winter wheat increased significantly, and water use efficiency (WUE) showed an upward trend. Water consumption and water use efficiency of C10 increased by 22.8% and 9.9%, respectively. After harvest, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus in soil of C10 treatment increased significantly compared with those before sowing, while those of C15 treatment decreased significantly. Fertilizer contribution rate increased significantly with the increase of yield, but the partial productivity of fertilizer decreased significantly. The increase of winter wheat yield mainly depends on high ear number per hectare and dry matter accumulation during the whole growth period. Considering the yield, water consumption and water use efficiency of winter wheat, the C10 treatment is considered to be the best one.

Key words: winter wheat, water consumption, water use efficiency, fertilizer utilization, yield

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