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中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (7): 74-79.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0335

所属专题: 生物技术 农业工程

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

田块尺度设施菜田土壤健康评价方法的初步构建与应用

张梦佳1(), 文方芳1(), 张雪莲1, 赵青春1, 郭建明2, 廖洪1, 刘自飞1, 朱文3, 韩宝3, 葛瑶科4, 廖上强5, 卢静6   

  1. 1北京市耕地建设保护中心,北京 100101
    2北京捷西农业科技有限责任公司,北京 100107
    3房山区种植业技术推广站,北京 102488
    4北京益田生态农业技术有限公司,北京 102488
    5北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京 100097
    6农业农村部农田建设管理司,北京 100125
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-30 修回日期:2021-06-01 出版日期:2022-03-05 发布日期:2022-04-13
  • 通讯作者: 文方芳
  • 作者简介:张梦佳,女,1991年出生,河北邢台人,中级农艺师,硕士,主要从事化肥减量技术研究工作。通信地址:100101 北京市朝阳区慧忠寺96号,Tel:010-82994872,E-mail: zhangmengjia1991@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目“农业种植面源污染控制示范研究”(2017ZX07102-001-001)

Preliminary Construction and Application of Soil Health Assessment Method of Facility Vegetable Fields on the Field Scale

ZHANG Mengjia1(), WEN Fangfang1(), ZHANG Xuelian1, ZHAO Qingchun1, GUO Jianming2, LIAO Hong1, LIU Zifei1, ZHU Wen3, HAN Bao3, GE Yaoke4, LIAO Shangqiang5, LU Jing6   

  1. 1Beijing Cultivated Land Construction and Protection Center, Beijing 100101
    2JC Pacific International, Beijing 100107
    3Fangshan Planting Technology Extension Station, Beijing 102488
    4Beijing Yitian Ecological Agriculture Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102488
    5Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097
    6Farmland Construction Management Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125
  • Received:2021-03-30 Revised:2021-06-01 Online:2022-03-05 Published:2022-04-13
  • Contact: WEN Fangfang

摘要:

结合京郊设施菜田土壤健康管理需要、国内外土壤健康评价方法和北京地区1350个设施菜田土壤分析结果,初步构建了田块尺度设施菜田土壤健康评价系统。确定了物理、生物、化学和产出4类共21个评价指标,提出了各指标的阈值范围、评分标准、权重和评价模块。运用该系统在北京房山区开展设施菜田土壤健康评价,选取5个种植园,每个种植园设置1个试验点。5个试验点中1个试验点为亚健康等级、4个试验点为健康等级。针对亚健康等级试验点,开展了连续2年土壤改良与修复,试验点土壤健康指数由0.77提高到0.83,土壤健康等级提升为健康,土壤容重降低,有机质含量提高,土壤肥力水平提升,pH下降,蔬菜产量稳定,品质指数提高。针对健康等级试验点,开展了连续2年土壤管理,试验点土壤健康指数由0.86提高到0.87,土壤肥力水平稳定,病原菌指数下降,蔬菜产量提高,商品率提升。该评价系统对维持或提高设施菜田土壤健康水平具有较强的指导意义,建议进一步开展更广泛的设施菜田土壤健康评价和土壤修复管理。

关键词: 设施菜田, 土壤健康, 评价方法, 评价指标, 田块尺度

Abstract:

Based on the needs of the soil health management of the facility vegetable fields in Beijing suburbs, the soil health assessment methods at home and abroad, and the analysis results of the 1350 facility vegetable fields’ soil samples in Beijing, a field-scale facility vegetable field soil health assessment system was initially constructed. A total of 21 assessment indicators in four categories of physics, biology, chemistry and output were determined, and the threshold range, scoring standards, weights and assessment modules of each indicator were proposed. The system was used to evaluate the health of the facility vegetable fields’ soil in Fangshan District of Beijing. Five plantations were selected, and one experimental site was set up in each plantation. The evaluation results showed that: one of the five experimental sites belonged to sub-health grade, and the other four experimental sites belonged to health grade. Soil improvement and remediation were carried out for two consecutive years in the sub-health grade experimental site. The results showed that the soil health index increased from 0.77 to 0.83, and the soil health grade was raised to health level. In detail, the soil bulk density was reduced, the content of organic matter increased, the level of soil fertility increased, pH decreased, the yield of vegetables was stable, and the quality index increased. Soil management was carried out for two consecutive years in the health grade experimental site. The results showed that the soil health index increased from 0.86 to 0.87, the soil fertility level was stable, the pathogen index decreased, and the vegetable yield and the commodity rate increased. Therefore, the assessment system could perform a good guiding role in maintaining or improving the soil health level of facility vegetable fields, and it is suggested to carry out more extensive soil health assessment and soil remediation management of facility vegetable fields.

Key words: facility vegetable field, soil health, assessment method, assessment index, field scale

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