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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2012, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (21): 46-53.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3646

所属专题： 小麦； 农业气象

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

淮北地区小麦播期干旱发生规律及其影响与对策研究

戚尚恩 张学贤 孙义 李德 李秦 王敏   

  • 收稿日期:2011-12-05 修回日期:2012-03-26 出版日期:2012-07-25 发布日期:2012-07-25
  • 基金资助:

    公益性行业（气象）科研专项（2010-2013）“淮河流域主要农作物旱涝损失精细化评估技术”

Studies on the Influence and Countermeasures of Drought and Occurrence Rule in Wheat Sowing Time in Huaibei Area

  • Received:2011-12-05 Revised:2012-03-26 Online:2012-07-25 Published:2012-07-25

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摘要：

为了摸清淮北地区小麦播期干旱发生规律、影响程度，提出应对策略，依据小麦播期干旱的降水指标、小麦干旱灾害等级指标统计分析了宿州各地的干旱等级。通过采用多年滑动平均法等，研究淮北地区小麦播期干旱发生的频率、基本规律及分布状况。结果表明，淮北地区2/3以上的年份会出现小麦播期干旱，其中重旱至严重干旱中北部旱情重于南部；进入21世纪以来，旱情加重显著；小麦适播期干旱比短期干旱时段重，且自北向南增加的趋势明显；无论是短期干旱、中期干旱，还是秋冬连旱，2001年以来加重的趋势都较为突出。通过研究得知，造成小麦播期干旱的根本原因是降水偏少，能够形成旱灾的重旱及严重干旱平均5年一遇；针对2010—2011年秋冬连旱及对小麦生长发育的影响，分析了播期干旱对小麦各生育期的影响程度，长时间干旱时，严重影响后期产量的形成，平均减产20%以上。提出了精耕细作，科学利用底墒是防御干旱失墒的最好办法，入冬前适时灌溉，有利于小麦分蘖及根系发育，形成壮苗安全越冬，为小麦多成穗打下良好的基础。

关键词: 豆类作物, 豆类作物

Abstract:

In order to identify the drought occurrence regularity, the degree of influence in wheat seeding stage of Huaibei area and put forward the countermeasure to deal with, based on an analysis of the precipitation index, the grade of drought disasters index to divide the drought classification in Suzhou City. Through the sliding average method, the Huaibei area wheat seeding stage of drought occurrence frequency, basic rules and distribution were researched. The results showed that, over 2/3 of the years appears drought in seeding stage in Huaibei area, the drought in north central was heavier than the southern part in the 21 century, the drought was serious than before, from north to south the seeding stage drought was heavier than short-term drought. Since 2001, the short-term drought, medium-term drought and autumn and winter continuous arid become more serious. Through the study, the fundamental reasons of the wheat seeding stage drought was lack of precipitation, the serious drought occurring once in 5-year. Based on the effects of 2010-2011 autumn and winter continuous arid on the development of wheat, analysis of the seeding stage drought on the influence degree of wheat in different growth stages, long time of drought would lead severe late effects on yield formation, the average yield would reduced 20%. The best way to defence drought was intensive cultivation and scientific utilization of soil moisture, irrigation before winter begins is conducive to wheat tiller and root growth could safely live through the winter, lay a good foundation for wheat had a higher ears.