水稻氮吸收转运利用生理机制及耐低氮遗传基础研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0799

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 氮素是水稻生长发育所必需的营养物质之一，同时也是水稻需求最大的矿质营养元素之一。在水稻生长过程中，单位面积用氮量高和利用率低已成为其发展所面临的两大难题。为了给剖析水稻耐低氮的分子机制提供参考，本研究总结了水稻氮素吸收转运、利用的生理机制及氮高效型水稻的形态生理特性等方面的内容，并且对近年来水稻耐低氮相关性状的QTL定位结果及水稻耐低氮遗传基础方面作了分析，包括耐低氮QTL定位与克隆、转录组研究、蛋白组研究等。目前关于水稻对氮素响应的分子机制的研究较少，水稻氮素吸收、转运和利用相关的机制仍是一个谜团。开展氮素吸收、转运和利用相关基因/QTL以及耐低氮遗传基础的研究是选育优良氮高效品种工作的有效途径。

关键词: 转基因棉花, 转基因棉花

Abstract: Nitrogen is one of the essential nutrients that are vital to rice growth and development. Also, it is one of the most in-demand mineral nutrient elements. In the process of rice growth, the applied amount of nitrogen per unit area and a low utilization rate has become the two biggest problems constraining its development. The aim was to provide a reference for further analysis of the molecular mechanisms of low nitrogen tolerance. This paper summarized the physiological mechanism of uptake, transport and utilization of nitrogen in rice and the characteristics of morphological and physiological in nitrogen efficiency rice, analyzed the recent progress of the genetic basis of low nitrogen tolerance, including QTL mapping and gene cloning of low nitrogen, transcriptome and proteome. The research about molecular mechanism response to nitrogen in rice was few. The relevant mechanism of uptake, transport and use of nitrogen was still a mystery. Based on this, research on genes/QTLs related to assimilation, transport and utilization of nitrogen and the genetic basis of low nitrogen tolerance was an effective way to develop low nitrogen tolerance varieties.

王超项超曲丽君张俊巍石英尧. 水稻氮吸收转运利用生理机制及耐低氮遗传基础研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2014, 30(3): 1-9.

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