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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2014, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (19): 123-128.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0102

所属专题： 园艺； 农业气象

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱区滴灌葡萄园戈壁土壤氮磷钾分布特征研究

苏学德 李铭 郭绍杰 李鹏程   

  • 收稿日期:2014-01-10 修回日期:2014-02-25 出版日期:2014-07-05 发布日期:2014-07-05
  • 基金资助:
    农业部农垦农技推广专项“天山北坡葡萄产业提质增效关键技术模式推广”(2013355)；新疆生产建设兵团产学研专项“葡萄安全越冬新技术研究与示范”(2010ZX02)。

Study on the Spatial Distribution Characteristics of the NPK of Gobi Soil in Drip Irrigation Grapery in Dry Region

  • Received:2014-01-10 Revised:2014-02-25 Online:2014-07-05 Published:2014-07-05

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摘要： 为了在节水灌溉条件下给葡萄科学施用氮磷钾肥，提高肥料利用率，同时保护葡萄园生态环境，对葡萄园不同滴肥时间戈壁土壤水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾运移分布特征及不同生育期土壤氮磷钾养分时空分布特征进行研究。结果表明：葡萄滴肥后0~20 cm表层戈壁土壤水解性氮变化幅度较小，有效磷含量变化幅度较大，速效钾含量变化介于两者之间，0~80 cm土层戈壁土壤水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾含量自表层垂直向下的分布特点分别是：氮素为40~60 cm>20~40 cm>0~20 cm>60~80 cm；磷素为0~20 cm>20~40 cm>40~60 cm>60~80 cm；钾素为20~40 cm>40~60 cm>10~20 cm>60~80 cm。戈壁土壤养分随生育期变化特点是：水解性氮含量从花前到果实采收后呈直线递减；有效磷从花前到果实采收后呈直线递增；速效钾从花前到果实采收后呈先升后降趋势，果实膨大期后缓慢递减。

关键词: 型土壤, 型土壤, 有效态镉, 提取剂CaCl2, 优化条件

Abstract: In order to apply NPK fertilizer scientifically for grapes under the condition of water saving irrigation, improve the utilization rate of fertilizer and protect the vineyard ecological environment at the same time, though the vineyard at different time in gobi drops of fat soil hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium migration distribution and soil NPK nutrients at different stages of time and space distribution were studied. The results showed that: the grape drops of nitrogen fertilizer gobi surface soil 0-20 cm after hydrolysis sex changed in small, effective phosphorus content change was bigger, rapidly-available potassium content change somewhere in between, 0-80 cm soil layer gobi desert soil hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium content in the surface of the distribution characteristics of vertical downward, respectively, N was 40-60 cm>20-40 cm>0-20 cm>60-80 cm; P was 0-20 cm>20-40 cm>40-60 cm>60-80 cm. K was 20-40 cm>40-60 cm>10-20 cm>60-80 cm. Gobi soil nutrient characteristics vary with growth period was hydrolyzed nitrogen from before flower to decrease after fruit harvest in a straight line. Effective phosphorus from before flower to increasing fruit after harvest in a straight line; Rapidly-available potassium from before flower to first drop later trend after the fruit harvest, the fruit enlargement period after a slow decline.