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中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (28): 160-165.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020022

所属专题: 园艺

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不施肥条件下乌龙茶树根部土壤肥力及茶树叶片品质变化分析

叶江华1,2,王海斌2,3,陈晓婷3,贾小丽1,2   

  1. (1武夷学院,福建武夷山 354300;2福建省生态产业绿色技术重点实验室(武夷学院),福建武夷山354300;3龙岩学院生命科学学院,福建龙岩 364012)
  • 收稿日期:2016-02-03 修回日期:2016-09-22 接受日期:2016-03-25 出版日期:2016-10-11 发布日期:2016-10-11
  • 通讯作者: 贾小丽
  • 基金资助:
    龙岩学院人才引进项目“多年生茶树品质衰退的分子生理特性”(LB2015001);福建省农业生态过程与安全监控重点实验室(福建农林大学)开放基金;南平市科技计划项目“武夷山茶树遗传多样性及其特异品种筛选”(N2013X01-6);武夷学院青年专项“茶树遗传研究体系的建立”(XQ201015);福建省生态产业绿色技术重点实验室开放课题基金(WYKF2016-6)。

Oolong Tea: Change of Rhizosphere Soil Fertility and Leaves Quality Without Fertilization

Ye Jianghua1,2, Wang Haibin2,3, Chen Xiaoting3, Jia Xiaoli1,2   

  1. (1Wuyi University, Wuyishan Fujian 354300; 2Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology (Wuyi University), Wuyishan Fujian 354300;3College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan Fujian 364012)
  • Received:2016-02-03 Revised:2016-09-22 Accepted:2016-03-25 Online:2016-10-11 Published:2016-10-11

摘要: 为了分析茶树根部土壤养分及茶树叶片品质变化,本研究以‘金观音’、‘铁观音’、‘黄金桂’3种茶树品种为研究对象,测定不施肥2年内茶树根部土壤理化指标及叶片品质指标变化。结果表明,(1)3种茶树根部土壤pH均随种植年限的延长而下降,有机质及全氮含量达到肥力Ⅰ级,全磷含量为Ⅲ级肥力,0年茶树土壤全钾含量为Ⅱ级肥力,1、2年为Ⅲ级肥力;土壤速效氮及速效钾含量在0年时为Ⅰ级肥力,1年后为Ⅱ级肥力,2年后为Ⅲ级肥力;土壤速效磷含量在0、1年时为Ⅰ级肥力,2年后为Ⅲ级肥力。(2)随着不施肥种植时间的延长,茶叶品质指标及品质指数呈下降趋势,但茶多酚含量变化较为微弱,茶氨酸、咖啡碱变化则呈极显著差异。研究结果说明,3种茶树在不施肥种植过程中对土壤养分的需求特性上存在差异,导致茶树根围土壤养分含量发生变化,进而影响了茶叶品质相关的次生代谢物质的合成与积累。

关键词: 紫色土, 紫色土, 水分特性曲线, 不同轮作方式

Abstract: The paper aims to analyze the change of rhizosphere soil nutrient and quality of tea tree leaf, ‘Jinguanyin’, ‘Tieguanyin’ and ‘Huangjingui’ were used as materials, and physicochemical indexes of soil and quality indexes of tea tree leaf were measured under no fertilization in 2 years. The results showed that: (1) pH values of rhizosphere soil of the 3 kinds of tea trees all decreased with the increase of planting years; contents of organic matter and total nitrogen (N) were up toⅠ-level, and contents of total phosphorus (P) were up to Ⅲ-level; contents of total potassium (K) were at Ⅱ-level in 0-year-old soil and at Ⅲ-level in the 1-year-old and 2-year-old soil; contents of available N and K were at Ⅰ-level, Ⅱ-level, and Ⅲ-level in the 0-year-old, 1-year-old and 2-year-old soil, respectively; and contents of available P were at Ⅰ-level in the 0-year-old and 1-year-old soil, and Ⅲ-level in the 2-year-old soil; (2) quality indicators and indexes of tea tree leaf showed a downward trend with the increase of planting years under no fertilization, i.e., the change of contents of polyphenols was little, but that of theanine and caffeine had extremely significant difference. In conclusion, the demand characteristics of the 3 kinds of tea trees on soil nutrient differed under no fertilization may lead to the change of rhizosphere soil nutrient components, and then influence synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites related to the quality of tea tree leaf.

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