欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (33): 55-63.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050083

所属专题: 玉米

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

干热河谷区紫色土玉米季协调农学、水体环境和经济效益的容许施肥量

赵丽,贺玉晓,刘刚才,史亮涛,张明忠,戴怡   

  1. 西南科技大学环境与资源学院,河南理工大学资源环境学院,中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,云南省农科院元谋热区所,云南省农科院元谋热区所,资阳市环境保护局
  • 收稿日期:2016-05-14 修回日期:2016-09-01 接受日期:2016-09-18 出版日期:2016-11-25 发布日期:2016-11-25
  • 通讯作者: 刘刚才
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“气候变化对紫色土容许土壤流失量的影响”(41471232);西南科技大学博士基金“不同N、P施肥量对紫色土玉米 生长期微生物特性及土壤肥力的影响”(B2014-070)。

Fertilization Tolerance of Maize on Purple Soil in Dry-hot Valley: Integrating Agronomic, Water Environmental and Economic Benefits

  • Received:2016-05-14 Revised:2016-09-01 Accepted:2016-09-18 Online:2016-11-25 Published:2016-11-25

摘要: 选取玉米为紫色土区典型种植作物作为研究对象,设置不施肥、常规施肥量(750 kg/hm2)、常规施肥量的0.5 倍、1.5 倍、2.0 倍和2.5 倍6 个施肥水平,通过野外坡耕地小区试验和试验室内分析试验,分析玉米典型生育期内不同施肥量对作物产量、生长特性、淋洗液和径流中氮、磷的流失特征的影响,并基于肥料施用量与肥料中氮素和磷素的去向的试验数据,构建干热河谷区紫色土玉米协调农学、水体环境和经济效益的统一经济指标和评价模型。研究结果表明:在玉米生长期内,施肥量为0~1870 kg/hm2时,叶面积指数发展动态表现为前期上升快、后期下降慢的趋势。玉米生育期株高和产量均随着施肥量从较低到适中的增加而递增,且达到较高施肥处理(常规施肥量2.5倍)时株高降低。不同施肥处理下径流和淋洗液中的总氮和总磷在整个玉米生育期内的变化呈现出同一趋势,均随着施肥量的增加而流出量增加。运用该模型,分别计算了玉米肥料的边际产量效应和富营养化效应,得到干旱河谷区紫色土玉米协调农学、水体环境和经济效益的容许施肥量为1154~1176 kg/hm2。

关键词: 水稻, 水稻, 化感作用, 抑制, 稳定性

Abstract: This study used maize (Zea mays L.) as the experimental material, which was the typical crop in purple soil area, investigated the effects of varied fertilizer application levels, including no fertilizer, traditional fertilizer amount (CK, 750 kg/hm2), and 0.5, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 times of the traditional fertilizer amount, on crop yields, growth characteristics and NP loss in leaching solution and runoff by plot experiments in slop field cropland and indoor analysis. Based on experiments on NP in relation to fertilization application rate, a unified economic indicator and evaluation model for the coordination effect of agronomic, water environmental and economic benefits were studied. The results showed that when the fertilizer application amount was 0-1870 kg/hm2, the leaf area index increased fast in the earlier stage and declined slowly in the later stage, plant height and yield increased with the increase of fertilizer application levels from CK to 2.0 times of traditional fertilizer level, but declined under the 2.5 times of traditional fertilizer level. The total N and total P concentration in runoff and leaching solution increased with the increase of fertilizer application levels. By the evaluation model, the effects of the marginal yield and the nutrient rich of maize fertilizer were calculated, the range of fertilization tolerance was 1154-1176 kg/hm2.

中图分类号: