马铃薯组培苗时期不同LED光源处理对温室移栽后植株生长和微型薯结薯的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110023

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 11-18.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110023

所属专题：马铃薯

马铃薯组培苗时期不同LED光源处理对温室移栽后植株生长和微型薯结薯的影响

陈丽丽¹, 王浩瑛², 宫晓晨², 薛绪掌³, 胡跃高²()

¹ 宁波大学科学技术学院,浙江宁波 315300
² 中国农业大学农学院,北京 100193
³ 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心,北京 100097

收稿日期:2018-11-07 修回日期:2019-02-20 出版日期:2020-02-25 发布日期:2020-02-22
通讯作者: 胡跃高
作者简介:陈丽丽,女,1988年出生,河南兰考人,博士,研究光源对植物生长发育的影响。通信地址：315300 浙江省宁波市慈溪市白沙路街道文蔚路521号,E-mail：chenll@cau.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)“基于网络管理的植物工厂智能控制关键技术研究”(2013AA103005)

Effects of LED Spectrum Treatments at in vitro Culture Stage on the Growth and Minituber Production of Potato Plantlets After Transplanting in Greenhouse

Chen Lili¹, Wang Haoying², Gong Xiaochen², Xue Xuzhang³, Hu Yuegao²()

¹ College of Science & Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang 315300
² College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
³ Research Center for Intelligent Equipment in Agriculture, Beijing 100097

Received:2018-11-07 Revised:2019-02-20 Online:2020-02-25 Published:2020-02-22
Contact: Hu Yuegao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

不同LED光源下培养的马铃薯组培苗在形态特征上差异明显,为探索这种差异是否会对其移栽后产生进一步影响,试验研究了100%红光(R)、100%蓝光(B)、100%绿光(G)、75%红光+25%蓝光(RB)、45%红光+35%蓝光+20%绿光(RBG)和100%白光(CK)6种光谱下培养4周的马铃薯组培苗温室移栽后植株的生长和结薯情况。试验结果表明,B处理的马铃薯组培苗移栽后缓苗期叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm和qP、结薯前期SPAD值及结薯期各器官生物量均始终高于CK和其他处理,且该处理下最大薯的干鲜重和有效微型薯占比分别较CK提高45.66%、45.09%和10.93%。R处理的组培苗移栽后结薯期地上部生物量显著高于CK,单株结薯数目提高29.60%,但有效微型薯占比较CK降低63.97%。G处理的组培苗移栽后生长和结薯指标均表现最差。组合光谱RB和RBG处理的组培苗移栽后的生长指标和微型薯产量及产量构成指标均与CK无显著差异。因此,单色红、蓝、绿光谱处理对马铃薯组培苗的影响会持续至其移栽后植株幼苗生长,甚至结薯期,组合光谱RB和RBG则不会。在马铃薯组培苗生产上,单色蓝光和单色红光作为照明光源具有潜在的应用价值,组合光谱RB和RBG可作为白色光源的替代光源。

关键词: LED光源, 马铃薯组培苗, 微型薯生产, 马铃薯植株生长

Abstract:

The morphology of potato plantlets grown in vitro under different LED light sources varies obviously. To explore whether the variations will have lasting effects on potato plantlets’ growth after transplanting in greenhouse, a single-factor randomized block design test was conducted with 4-week-old potato plantlets grown in vitro under 100% red light (R), 100% blue light (B), 100% green light (G), 75% red light+ 25% blue light (RB), 45% red light+ 35% blue light+ 20% green light (RBG) and 100% white (CK) light spectrum being transplanted in greenhouse to observe their growth and tuberization performance. The results indicated that chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm and qP, SPAD value and biomass accumulation of potato plantlets from B treatment were always higher than that of CK and other treatments; the biggest minituber dry weight and fresh weight and the proportion of effective minituber in B treatment were increased by 45.66%, 45.09% and 10.93%, respectively, compared with CK. R treatment increased the number of minituber per plantlet by 29.60% but decreased the proportion of effective minituber by 63.97%. The parameters including Fv/Fm, qP, qN, SPAD, biomass accumulation in different organs and minituber yield and yield composition of plantlets from combined spectrum RB and RBG showed no significant differences from that of CK. However, in terms of both growth and tuberization, plantlets from G treatment performed the worst after transplanting. Thus, the effects of monochromic red, blue and green LED spectrum on the growth and tuberization of potato plantlets grown in vitro continued after the plantlets’ transplanting in greenhouse, whereas the combined spectrum RB and RBG did not. Thus, in the cultivation of potato plantlets in vitro, monochromatic blue and red LED spectrum have potential application value as light sources to provide illumination and combined spectrum RB and RBG can be utilized as the alternatives of white light.

Key words: LED spectrum, tissue cultured potato plantlets, minituber production, potato plant growth

中图分类号:

S144.1

陈丽丽, 王浩瑛, 宫晓晨, 薛绪掌, 胡跃高. 马铃薯组培苗时期不同LED光源处理对温室移栽后植株生长和微型薯结薯的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(6): 11-18.

Chen Lili, Wang Haoying, Gong Xiaochen, Xue Xuzhang, Hu Yuegao. Effects of LED Spectrum Treatments at in vitro Culture Stage on the Growth and Minituber Production of Potato Plantlets After Transplanting in Greenhouse[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(6): 11-18.

图/表 6

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日期	处理	植株鲜重	植株干重	叶片鲜重	叶片干重	茎秆鲜重	茎秆干重	地下鲜重	地下干重
10月15日	R	9.13±0.59b	0.96±0.01b	4.69±0.12b	0.52±0.01b	3.36±0.12b	0.31±0.01b	1.08±0.01ab	0.20±0.01ab
	B	16.3±0.98a	1.68±0.01a	7.87±0.14a	0.78±0.00a	6.35±0.23a	0.49±0.01a	2.16±0.28a	0.41±0.01a
	G	8.37±0.34b	0.72±0.01b	3.79±0.11b	0.34±0.01b	3.99±0.32b	0.25±0.01b	0.60±0.03b	0.12±0.01b
	CK	10.2±0.87b	0.96±0.01b	4.34±0.17b	0.39±0.01b	4.37±0.28b	0.29±0.01b	1.52±0.02ab	0.28±0.01ab
	RB	8.58±0.57b	1.02±0.01b	3.78±0.15b	0.34±0.01b	3.74±0.27b	0.25±0.01b	1.06±0.01ab	0.20±0.01ab
	RBG	11.0±0.87b	1.09±0.01b	4.84±0.10b	0.46±0.01b	4.47±0.19b	0.30±0.01b	1.74±0.02ab	0.32±0.01ab
10月30日	R	16.46±1.02bc	2.02±0.16cd	5.54±0.21ab	0.35±0.01ab	5.34±0.41ab	0.29±0.01ab	5.58±0.54cd	0.89±0.01cd
	B	27.32±2.04a	3.66±0.12a	7.08±0.58a	0.59±0.01a	5.86±0.34a	0.37±0.01a	14.39±1.12a	2.71±0.01a
	G	9.48±0.98c	1.02±0.02d	3.14±0.38b	0.22±0.01b	2.77±0.39c	0.15±0.01c	3.58±0.43d	0.58±0.01d
	CK	21.55±2.27ab	2.85±0.15ab	6.30±0.28a	0.45±0.01ab	4.23±0.58bc	0.26±0.01b	11.02±2.15bc	2.08±0.34ab
	RB	17.38±1.58b	2.20±0.11bc	5.98±0.83ab	0.39±0.01ab	3,76±0.78bc	0.22±0.01bc	8.23±0.89bc	1.49±0.01bc
	RBG	21.05±2.06ab	2.80±0.21ab	5.83±0.24ab	0.45±0.01ab	3.80±0.56bc	0.24±0.01bc	11.43±1.12bc	2.10±0.01ab
11月15日	R	17.14±1.20bc	2.06±0.02cd	2.57±0.38bc	0.22±0.01cd	1.90±0.24c	0.12±0.01c	6.67±1.22c	1.30±0.23cd
	B	30.63±3.29a	5.71±0.32a	6.64±0.49a	0.58±0.01a	4.81±0.57a	0.38±0.01a	19.38±1.54a	4.48±0.27a
	G	9.10±1.12c	1.21±0.01d	1.76±0.21c	0.14±0.01d	1.78±0.24c	0.12±0.01c	5.56±0.78c	0.96±0.01d
	CK	22.80±2.34b	4.07±0.21bc	3.77±0.24b	0.34±0.01b	2.85±0.26b	0.21±0.01b	14.17±2.23ab	3.53±0.89ab
	RB	17.57±1.27bc	3.95±0.01bc	3.75±0.49b	0.31±0.01bc	2.59±0.35bc	0.18±0.01bc	10.23±1.23bc	2.46±0.97c
	RBG	22.49±2.13bc	4.40±0.12b	4.46±0.57ab	0.41±0.01ab	2.13±0.25bc	0.15±0.01bc	13.01±1.24ab	3.27±0.45ab

日期	处理	植株鲜重	植株干重	叶片鲜重	叶片干重	茎秆鲜重	茎秆干重	地下鲜重	地下干重
10月15日	R	9.13±0.59b	0.96±0.01b	4.69±0.12b	0.52±0.01b	3.36±0.12b	0.31±0.01b	1.08±0.01ab	0.20±0.01ab
	B	16.3±0.98a	1.68±0.01a	7.87±0.14a	0.78±0.00a	6.35±0.23a	0.49±0.01a	2.16±0.28a	0.41±0.01a
	G	8.37±0.34b	0.72±0.01b	3.79±0.11b	0.34±0.01b	3.99±0.32b	0.25±0.01b	0.60±0.03b	0.12±0.01b
	CK	10.2±0.87b	0.96±0.01b	4.34±0.17b	0.39±0.01b	4.37±0.28b	0.29±0.01b	1.52±0.02ab	0.28±0.01ab
	RB	8.58±0.57b	1.02±0.01b	3.78±0.15b	0.34±0.01b	3.74±0.27b	0.25±0.01b	1.06±0.01ab	0.20±0.01ab
	RBG	11.0±0.87b	1.09±0.01b	4.84±0.10b	0.46±0.01b	4.47±0.19b	0.30±0.01b	1.74±0.02ab	0.32±0.01ab
10月30日	R	16.46±1.02bc	2.02±0.16cd	5.54±0.21ab	0.35±0.01ab	5.34±0.41ab	0.29±0.01ab	5.58±0.54cd	0.89±0.01cd
	B	27.32±2.04a	3.66±0.12a	7.08±0.58a	0.59±0.01a	5.86±0.34a	0.37±0.01a	14.39±1.12a	2.71±0.01a
	G	9.48±0.98c	1.02±0.02d	3.14±0.38b	0.22±0.01b	2.77±0.39c	0.15±0.01c	3.58±0.43d	0.58±0.01d
	CK	21.55±2.27ab	2.85±0.15ab	6.30±0.28a	0.45±0.01ab	4.23±0.58bc	0.26±0.01b	11.02±2.15bc	2.08±0.34ab
	RB	17.38±1.58b	2.20±0.11bc	5.98±0.83ab	0.39±0.01ab	3,76±0.78bc	0.22±0.01bc	8.23±0.89bc	1.49±0.01bc
	RBG	21.05±2.06ab	2.80±0.21ab	5.83±0.24ab	0.45±0.01ab	3.80±0.56bc	0.24±0.01bc	11.43±1.12bc	2.10±0.01ab
11月15日	R	17.14±1.20bc	2.06±0.02cd	2.57±0.38bc	0.22±0.01cd	1.90±0.24c	0.12±0.01c	6.67±1.22c	1.30±0.23cd
	B	30.63±3.29a	5.71±0.32a	6.64±0.49a	0.58±0.01a	4.81±0.57a	0.38±0.01a	19.38±1.54a	4.48±0.27a
	G	9.10±1.12c	1.21±0.01d	1.76±0.21c	0.14±0.01d	1.78±0.24c	0.12±0.01c	5.56±0.78c	0.96±0.01d
	CK	22.80±2.34b	4.07±0.21bc	3.77±0.24b	0.34±0.01b	2.85±0.26b	0.21±0.01b	14.17±2.23ab	3.53±0.89ab
	RB	17.57±1.27bc	3.95±0.01bc	3.75±0.49b	0.31±0.01bc	2.59±0.35bc	0.18±0.01bc	10.23±1.23bc	2.46±0.97c
	RBG	22.49±2.13bc	4.40±0.12b	4.46±0.57ab	0.41±0.01ab	2.13±0.25bc	0.15±0.01bc	13.01±1.24ab	3.27±0.45ab

处理	薯块分级占比/%		结薯数目/(粒/株)	最大薯鲜重/g	最大薯干重/g	单株薯鲜重/(g/株)	单株薯干重/(g/株)
处理	<20 mm	>20 mm	结薯数目/(粒/株)	最大薯鲜重/g	最大薯干重/g	单株薯鲜重/(g/株)	单株薯干重/(g/株)
R	79.08±2.23a	20.92±2.23c	3.42±0.67a	3.32±0.84c	0.96±0.02c	5.14±0.68c	1.98±0.25c
B	4.18±1.46d	95.82±1.46a	2.24±0.54b	9.17±1.23a	3.19±0.32a	13.94±1.01b	3.06±0.35b
G	82.12±4.89a	17.88±4.89d	2.03±0.71b	3.13±0.86c	0.82±0.25c	4.35±0.47d	1.02±0.07d
CK	15.11±3.47b	84.89±3.47b	2.50±0.59b	6.32±1.48b	2.19±0.93b	17.57±1.84ab	4.46±0.82a
RB	16.27±3.53b	83.73±3.53b	2.45±0.81b	5.36±1.19b	2.05±0.26b	16.81±2.17ab	3.87±0.74ab
RBG	12.79±4.09c	87.21±4.09b	2.33±0.92b	5.25±1.06b	2.08±0.52b	18.86±2.01a	4.98±0.85a

处理	薯块分级占比/%		结薯数目/(粒/株)	最大薯鲜重/g	最大薯干重/g	单株薯鲜重/(g/株)	单株薯干重/(g/株)
处理	<20 mm	>20 mm	结薯数目/(粒/株)	最大薯鲜重/g	最大薯干重/g	单株薯鲜重/(g/株)	单株薯干重/(g/株)
R	79.08±2.23a	20.92±2.23c	3.42±0.67a	3.32±0.84c	0.96±0.02c	5.14±0.68c	1.98±0.25c
B	4.18±1.46d	95.82±1.46a	2.24±0.54b	9.17±1.23a	3.19±0.32a	13.94±1.01b	3.06±0.35b
G	82.12±4.89a	17.88±4.89d	2.03±0.71b	3.13±0.86c	0.82±0.25c	4.35±0.47d	1.02±0.07d
CK	15.11±3.47b	84.89±3.47b	2.50±0.59b	6.32±1.48b	2.19±0.93b	17.57±1.84ab	4.46±0.82a
RB	16.27±3.53b	83.73±3.53b	2.45±0.81b	5.36±1.19b	2.05±0.26b	16.81±2.17ab	3.87±0.74ab
RBG	12.79±4.09c	87.21±4.09b	2.33±0.92b	5.25±1.06b	2.08±0.52b	18.86±2.01a	4.98±0.85a

马铃薯组培苗时期不同LED光源处理对温室移栽后植株生长和微型薯结薯的影响

Effects of LED Spectrum Treatments at in vitro Culture Stage on the Growth and Minituber Production of Potato Plantlets After Transplanting in Greenhouse

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