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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (30): 68-74.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100788

所属专题: 园艺

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

不结球白菜同源四倍体苏州青的诱导鉴定

潘静雯(), 王红尧, 李林, 张蜀宁, 李英, 侯喜林, 刘同坤()   

  1. 南京农业大学作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,南京 210095
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-03 修回日期:2019-11-26 出版日期:2020-10-25 发布日期:2020-10-16
  • 通讯作者: 刘同坤
  • 作者简介:潘静雯,女,1995年出生,江西萍乡人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:不结球白菜抽薹开花及多倍体育种研究。通信地址:210095 江苏省南京市玄武区孝陵卫大道卫岗路1号 南京农业大学作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,Tel:13732922863,E-mail: 574547385@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(19)3122);安徽省重点研究与开发计划(202004a06020062)

Autotetraploid Non-heading Chinese Cabbage Suzhouqing: Induction and Identification

Pan Jingwen(), Wang Hongyao, Li Lin, Zhang Shuning, Li Ying, Hou Xilin, Liu Tongkun()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095
  • Received:2019-11-03 Revised:2019-11-26 Online:2020-10-25 Published:2020-10-16
  • Contact: Liu Tongkun

摘要:

为获得高产优质的不结球白菜四倍体苏州青,本研究使用浓度分别为0.1%,0.2%及0.3%的秋水仙素溶液,点滴处理二倍体苏州青幼苗植株的子叶生长点,进行5次处理后,通过形态学和细胞学方法筛选鉴定四倍体苏州青植株,并比较二、四倍体苏州青的农艺性状及品质差异。结果表明:秋水仙素浓度为0.2%时加倍效果最好。形态解剖学鉴定结果表明:四倍体在株型、叶片、花、种荚、种子大小都有较明显的变大趋势;四倍体植株叶片气孔较二倍体变大,气孔密度变小;同时四倍体植株花粉粒比二倍体更膨大,更不规则;细胞学鉴定结果表示,四倍体植株染色体数为40条,二倍体植株为20条;通过流式细胞仪鉴定,四倍体植株荧光强度约为二倍体的2倍。通过品质比较分析,结果显示四倍体苏州青的各项生理指标含量较于二倍体均有不同。通过农艺性状比较,单株质量、叶宽、叶厚都有一定程度的增加。本研究利用秋水仙素操作技术,抑制有丝分裂后期纺锤丝的形成,实现染色体加倍,创制不结球白菜新种质,为选育四倍体不结球白菜提供理论基础和种质资源。

关键词: 不结球白菜, 秋水仙素, 同源四倍体, 苏州青, 品质鉴定

Abstract:

To obtain the high-yield and high-quality non-heading Chinese cabbage autotetraploid Suzhouqing, in this study, cotyledon growth points of diploid Suzhouqing seedling plants were treated using colchicines solution with concentration of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%, respectively. After five treatments, tetraploid Suzhouqing plants were screened and identified by morphological and cytological methods. The agronomic characters and quality difference were compared between diploid and tetraploid Suzhouqing. The results showed that the doubling effect of Suzhouqing was the best when the concentration of colchicine was 0.2%. According to morphological anatomy, the tetraploid plant type, leaf, flower, seed pod and seed size all had an obvious trend of increasing. Tetraploid plant leaves had larger stomata size and smaller stomatal density than diploids. And the pollen grain of tetraploid plants was larger and more irregular than that of diploids. Cytologic results showed that there were 40 chromosomes in tetraploid plants and 20 chromosomes in diploid plants. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that tetraploid plants had about twice the fluorescence intensity of diploid. The results showed that the contents of physiological indexes of tetraploid Suzhouqing were different from those of diploid through quality comparison and analysis. Through the comparison of agronomic characters, the average individual mass, leaf width and leaf thickness all increased to a certain extent. In this study, colchicine was used to inhibit the formation of spindles at mitotic anaphase and to achieve chromosome doubling. A new germplasm of non-heading Chinese cabbage was created to provide a theoretical basis and germplasm resources for breeding new tetraploid non- heading Chinese cabbage.

Key words: non-heading Chinese cabbage, colchicine, autotetraploid, Suzhouqing, quality identification

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