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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 68-74.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0118

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同粒径生物质炭对石林石漠化农地土壤氮磷流失的影响

张斌艳1(), 李小英1,2(), 秦文静1, 鲁兴美1   

  1. 1西南林业大学生态与环境学院,昆明 650224
    2云南省高校土壤侵蚀与控制重点实验室,昆明 650224
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-20 修回日期:2020-07-22 出版日期:2021-03-05 发布日期:2021-03-17
  • 通讯作者: 李小英
  • 作者简介:张斌艳,女,1996年出生,云南曲靖人,硕士研究生,主要从事环境生态与水土保持研究。通信地址：650224 云南省昆明市西南林业大学,E-mail： 1917304320@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“金沙江干热河谷坝区生态综合治理及农业产业发展技术试验示范“(2017YFC0505102)

Effects of Biochar with Different Particle Sizes on Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Shilin Stony Desertification Farmland

Zhang Binyan1(), Li Xiaoying1,2(), Qin Wenjing1, Lu Xingmei1   

  1. 1College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224
    2Key Lab of Soil Erosion and Control in Yunnan Universities, Kunming 650224
  • Received:2020-05-20 Revised:2020-07-22 Online:2021-03-05 Published:2021-03-17
  • Contact: Li Xiaoying

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摘要：

研究旨在探究生物质炭粒径变化及施用比例对石林石漠化农地土壤氮磷流失的影响,为筛选制备适宜石林石漠化地区的土壤调理剂和缓释肥料载体提供理论依据。选取粒径为0~1 mm（粉末炭）的稻壳炭、橡胶木炭、竹炭和粒径1~3 mm（颗粒炭）的竹炭,每种生物质炭设置3个处理梯度（按炭土比1%、3%、5%添加）,外加无生物质炭添加对照CK,共13个处理,进行盆栽和淋溶试验。研究表明：不同原材料的生物质炭都能减少土壤下渗水量和氮磷流失,生物质炭的总氮减排效果优于总磷;粉末炭的保水效果和氮磷减排效果均优于颗粒炭,粉末竹炭的总氮总磷减排率分别为15.9%~26.1%和8.9%~19.9%,颗粒竹炭的分别为5.1%~21.3%和5.3%~14.3%;除颗粒竹炭以3%最优,其余生物质炭对总氮、总磷的减排率均以5%为最优;5%的橡胶木炭无论是在提高人参果植株干重方面,还是保水和氮磷减排方面效果均最佳,橡胶木炭是最适宜石林石漠化农地的土壤调理剂和缓释肥料载体。

关键词: 粒径, 稻壳炭, 橡胶炭, 竹炭, 石漠化土壤, 氮磷流失

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of biomass biochar particle size and application ratio on nitrogen and phosphorus loss in stony desertification farmland, and provide a theoretical basis for selecting and preparing soil conditioner and slow-release fertilizer carrier suitable for this area. In this experiment, rice husk biochar, rubber wood biochar, bamboo biochar with particle size of 0-1 mm (powdered biochar) and bamboo biochar with particle size of 1-3 mm (granular biochar) were selected, and four processing gradients (by carbon soil ratio of 1%, 3%, 5%) were set up for each biochar and non-biochar was taken as CK, 13 treatments in total, and the indoor pot and leaching experiments were carried out. The results showed that biomass biochar of different raw materials reduced the amount of infiltration water and soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss, and the effect on total nitrogen loss was better than that of total phosphorus loss. The water retention and nitrogen and phosphorus loss reduction of powdered bamboo biochar were better than that of granular biochar, the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loss reduction rates of powder bamboo biochar were 15.9%-26.1% and 8.9%-19.9%, respectively, and that of granular bamboo biochar were 5.1%-21.3% and 5.3%-14.3%, respectively. Except granular bamboo biochar whose application ratio of 3% was the best, and the application ratio of 5% was the best for all other biochar treatments. 5% rubber wood biochar treatment had the best effect on increasing the dry weight of ginseng fruit, water conservation and nitrogen and phosphorus loss reduction. Therefore, rubber wood biochar is the most suitable soil conditioner and slow release fertilizer carrier in Shilin stony desertification farmland area.

Key words: particle size, rice husk biochar, rubber wood biochar, bamboo biochar, stony desertification soil, nitrogen and phosphorus loss

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