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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (8): 112-118.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0244

• 畜牧·动物医学·蚕·蜂 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同家禽产ESBLs沙门菌的流行分布与耐药分析

李翠函1,2(), 赵建梅1, 左秀丽3, 刘娜1, 王娟1, 刘俊辉1, 王琳1, 张青青1, 黄秀梅1, 高玉斌1, 王君玮1(), 曲志娜1()   

  1. 1 中国动物卫生与流行病学中心，山东青岛 266032
    2 东北农业大学动物医学院，哈尔滨 150030
    3 莒南县农业农村局，山东临沂 276600
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-02 修回日期:2022-10-09 出版日期:2023-03-15 发布日期:2023-03-14
  • 通讯作者: 曲志娜，女，1970年出生，研究员，硕士，主要从事动物源细菌耐药监测与风险控制研究。通信地址：266032 山东省青岛市市北区南京路369号 中国动物卫生与流行病学中心，E-mail：641117207@qq.com；王君玮，男，1968年出生，研究员，博士，研究方向：动物源食源菌风险监测、评估与预警技术研究。通信地址：266032 山东省青岛市市北区南京路369号 中国动物卫生与流行病学中心，E-mail：yffs2000@sina.com。
  • 作者简介:

    李翠函，女，1996年出生，硕士，研究方向：细菌耐药性。通信地址：266032 山东省青岛市市北区南京路369号 中国动物卫生与流行病学中心，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2303900); 青岛市科技惠民示范引导专项(21-1-4-ny-11-nsh)

Prevalence and Drug Resistance of ESBLs-Producing Salmonella Isolated from Different Poultry

LI Cuihan1,2(), ZHAO Jianmei1, ZUO Xiuli3, LIU Na1, WANG Juan1, LIU Junhui1, WANG Lin1, ZHANG Qingqing1, HUANG Xiumei1, GAO Yubin1, WANG Junwei1(), QU Zhina1()   

  1. 1 China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266032
    2 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030
    3 Junan Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Linyi, Shandong 276600
  • Received:2022-04-02 Revised:2022-10-09 Online:2023-03-15 Published:2023-03-14

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摘要：

了解胶东地区不同家禽携带沙门菌的流行分布及其耐药现状，为有效防控家禽沙门菌的流行传播及遏制其耐药提供依据。采用细菌的常规分离培养、质谱法、PCR法和微量肉汤稀释法等，对2021年8—10月在胶东5个地区3种家禽养殖场采集的3150份泄殖腔拭子进行沙门菌分离鉴定、血清型鉴定、药敏试验及β-内酰胺酶主要耐药基因的检测，利用统计学方法进行差异显著性分析。结果发现：（1）共分离获得194株沙门菌(6.16%)。水禽源沙门菌的携带率（14.36%）比肉鸡（5.04%）、蛋鸡（1.15%）高。（2）较多的血清型为S. Enteritidis(38.14%)、S. Kentucky(21.65%)、S. Senftenberg(14.95%)、S. Indiana(12.37%)、S. Typhimurium(8.76%)为主。肉鸡和水禽（均为7种）的沙门菌血清型较蛋鸡（3种）多，但均以S. Enteritidis为主。（3）110株禽源沙门菌对氨苄西林、异磺胺异噁唑、四环素3种药物耐药相对严重(58.18%~77.27%)，未检测到美罗培南的耐药菌株。水禽和肉鸡源菌株较蛋鸡耐药严重，尤其对阿莫西林/克拉维酸(P=0.031)和四环素(P=0.007)的耐药差异显著。（4）81株(73.64%)禽源沙门菌为多重耐药，共有43种耐药谱型，肉鸡（25种）和水禽（22种）源菌株的耐药谱型远多于蛋鸡（8种）。（5）110株沙门菌中检测到3种耐药基因：blaCTX-M(70.00%)、blaTEM(51.82%)和blaOXA(26.36%)，常见的耐药基因组合类型为blaCTX-M+blaTEM，且耐药基因与耐药表型间存在一定的相关性(P≤0.001)。由此可见，胶东地区的家禽均携带一定比例的沙门菌，但不同品种家禽的流行分布存在差异。不同家禽之间携带血清型的种类也有一定的差异，但携带最多的血清型均为S. Enteritidis。分离菌株耐药情况较为严重，耐药谱复杂多样。禽源沙门菌对β-内酰胺类药物耐药主要是blaCTX-M+blaTEM 基因的表达所致。

关键词: 家禽, 沙门菌, 血清型, ESBLs, 流行分布, 耐药性

Abstract:

By understanding the prevalence and drug resistance of Salmonella carried by different poultry in Jiaodong area, the study aims to provide evidence for effective prevention and control of the epidemic transmission of Salmonella in poultry and curb its drug resistance. Conventional bacterial isolation and culture, mass spectrometry, PCR method and micro-broth dilution method were adopted, 3150 cloacal swabs collected from poultry farms in five regions of Jiaodong from August to October in 2021 were used to isolate and identify Salmonella, and carry out serotype identification, antimicrobial susceptibility test and detection of major drug resistance genes to β-lactams, and statistical methods were used to analyze significant differences. (1) A total of 194 Salmonella strains (6.16%) were isolated. The Salmonella carrying rate of waterfowl (14.36%) was higher than that of broilers (5.04%) and laying hens (1.15%). (2) S. Enteritidis (38.14%), S. Kentucky (21.65%), S. Senftenberg (14.95%), S. Indiana(12.37%), and S. Typhimurium (8.76%) were the main serotypes of Salmonella. Broilers and waterfowl (each 7 species) had more Salmonella serotypes than laying hens (3 species), but S. Enteritidis was dominant in all of them. (3) 110 strains of poultry Salmonella were relatively strong resistant to ampicillin, sulfisoxazole and tetracycline (58.18%-77.27%). Meropenem-resistant strains were not detected. Strains isolated from waterfowl and broilers were more resistant than those from laying hens, especially to amoxicillin/clavulanate (P=0.031) and tetracycline (P=0.007). (4) 81 strains (73.64%) of poultry Salmonella were multi-drug resistant (MDR), with a total of 43 drug resistance spectrum types. The drug resistance spectrum of strains isolated from broilers (25 species) and waterfowl (22 species) was much more than that of laying hens (8 species). (5) blaCTX-M (70.00%), blaTEM (51.82%) and blaOXA (26.36%) were detected in 110 Salmonella strains, the common drug resistance gene combination type was blaCTX-M+blaTEM, and there was a certain relationship between drug resistance genes and phenotypes (P≤0.001). This shows that the poultry in Jiaodong area all carry a certain proportion of Salmonella, but there are differences in the prevalence among different breeds of poultry. There are also some differences in the types of serotypes carried by different poultry, but S. Enteritidis is the most common serotype. The drug resistance of strains is more serious, and the drug resistance spectrum is complex and diverse. The resistance of poultry Salmonella to β-lactams is mainly caused by the expression of blaCTX-M+blaTEM gene.

Key words: poultry, Salmonella, serotype, ESBLs, prevalence, drug resistance