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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 66-75.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0182

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

低温胁迫对石榴光合特性和抗氧化能力的影响

关思慧1,2(), 柴亚倩1, 杨元玲1, 刘慧英1, 郝庆1,2, 刁明1()   

  1. 1 石河子大学农学院/特色果蔬栽培生理与种质资源利用兵团重点实验室，新疆石河子 832003
    2 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所，乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-03 修回日期:2023-08-22 出版日期:2024-01-17 发布日期:2024-01-17
  • 通讯作者:
    刁明，男，1968年出生，河南商丘人，教授，博士，现主要从事园艺植物生理生化等研究工作。通信地址：832000 新疆维吾尔自治区石河子市石河子大学北苑新区农学院，Tel：0993-2057927，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    关思慧，女，1998年出生，山东青岛人，硕士研究生，研究方向为果树栽培生理研究。通信地址：832000 新疆维吾尔自治区石河子市石河子大学北苑新区农学院，Tel：0993-2057927，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    新疆生产建设兵团科技攻关重点项目“软籽石榴优异品种资源引种及栽培关键技术集成与示范”(2021AB015)

Effects of Low Temperature Stress on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Antioxidant Capacity of Pomegranate

GUAN Sihui1,2(), CHAI Yaqian1, YANG Yuanling1, LIU Huiying1, HAO Qing1,2, DIAO Ming1()   

  1. 1 School of Agriculture, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Special Fruit and Vegetable Cultivation, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003
    2 Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000
  • Received:2023-03-03 Revised:2023-08-22 Published-:2024-01-17 Online:2024-01-17

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摘要：

从生理水平分析低温胁迫对不同品种石榴幼苗光合特性和抗氧化活性的影响，筛选低温对石榴影响的代表性评价指标，为石榴抗寒性育种研究和抗寒性评价体系建立提供科学依据。以1年生喀什酸石榴（抗寒性强）和突尼斯软籽石榴（抗寒性弱）2个品种幼苗为试验材料，采用盆栽方式，通过人工模拟低温的试验方法在人工气候室中设置5个温度水平的处理2、4、6 d，探究低温处理期间对2种石榴幼苗叶片光响应曲线(Pmax、AQY、LCP、LSP)、叶片水分饱和亏(WSD)、活性氧自由基(H2O2、O2·-)和抗氧化酶活性(POD、SOD、CAT、APX)的影响，利用主成分分析进行抗寒性生理生化指标的筛选。结果表明，随低温胁迫时间的延长，2种石榴的最大光合速率、表观量子效率和光饱和点呈下降趋势；随着胁迫温度的下降和低温胁迫时间的延长，细胞膜的完整性受到破坏，叶片水分饱和亏、H2O2含量和产生速率呈上升趋势；随胁迫温度的降低，抗氧化酶活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势。主成分分析表明，抗寒性筛选指标的重要性排序为H2O2=SOD>LSP>POD>LCP>Pmax>O2·->WSD>AQY>CAT>APX。综上，低温胁迫使2种石榴光合器官的结构和功能受到破坏，光合速率降低，同时受到氧化损伤，抗氧化系统对低温胁迫做出响应从而抵御活性氧的积累对细胞膜质过氧化造成的伤害，以维持抗氧化酶系统的稳定，降低膜透性损伤。通过主成分分析对比发现，低温胁迫下维持光合作用或积累较高的抗氧化酶活性是喀什酸石榴品种较突尼斯软籽石榴抗寒性强的原因。

关键词: 石榴, 低温胁迫, 光合, 抗氧化酶

Abstract:

The effects of low temperature stress on photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant activity of different varieties of pomegranate seedlings were analyzed from physiological level, and representative evaluation indexes of low temperature effect on pomegranate were screened, which provided scientific basis for breeding research and establishment of cold tolerance evaluation system of pomegranate. Two varieties of 1-year old Kashic acid pomegranate (strong cold resistance) and Tunisian soft seed pomegranate (weak cold resistance) were used as experimental materials, and 5 temperature levels were set in the artificial climate chamber for 2, 4 and 6 days by means of artificial simulation of low temperature test method to explore the effects of low temperature treatment on leaf light response curves (Pmax, AQY, LCP, LSP), leaf water saturation deficit (WSD), reactive oxygen species (H2O2, O2·-) and antioxidant enzyme activities (POD, SOD, CAT, APX) of two kinds of pomegranate seedlings. The physiological and biochemical indexes of cold resistance were screened by principal component analysis. The results showed that the maximum photosynthetic rate, surface light quantum efficiency and light saturation point of the two kinds of pomegranates decreased with the extension of low temperature stress time. With the decrease of stress temperature and the extension of low temperature stress time, the integrity of cell membrane was damaged, and the water saturation deficit, H2O2 content and production rate of leaves showed an increasing trend. With the decrease of stress temperature, the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased first and then decreased. Principal component analysis showed that the importance of cold resistance screening index was H2O2=SOD>LSP>POD>LCP>Pmax>O2·->WSD>AQY>CAT>APX. In conclusion, low temperature stress damaged the structures and functions of photosynthetic organs of the two kinds of pomegranates, reduced the photosynthetic rate and suffered oxidative damage at the same time. The antioxidant system responded to the low temperature stress to resist the damage caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species to the membrane plasma peroxidation, so as to maintain the stability of the antioxidant oxidase system and reduce the membrane permeability damage. By comparison of principal component analysis, it was found that maintenance of photosynthesis or accumulation of higher antioxidant enzyme activity under low temperature stress was the reason for the stronger cold resistance of Kashi acid pomegranate than Tunis soft seed pomegranate.

Key words: pomegranate, low temperature stress, photosynthesis, antioxidase