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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (27): 17-23.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0808

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

播种方式和施肥量对大豆光合特性、产量和品质的影响

屈洋1(), 马雯1, 王可珍1(), 朱发1, 张华锋1, 杨浩1, 梁福琴2   

  1. 1 宝鸡市农业科学研究院，陕西岐山 722499
    2 延安市农业科学研究所，陕西延安 716000
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-26 修回日期:2022-12-27 出版日期:2023-09-25 发布日期:2023-09-22
  • 通讯作者: 王可珍，女，1964年出生，正高级农艺师，学士，主要从事作物育种及高效栽培研究。通信地址：722499 陕西省宝鸡市岐山县朝阳路56号 宝鸡市农业科学研究院，Tel：0917-8226709，E-mail：kezhen9859@163.com。
  • 作者简介:

    屈洋，男，1983年出生，农艺师，硕士，主要从事作物育种及高效栽培研究。通信地址：722499 陕西省宝鸡市岐山县朝阳路56号 宝鸡市农业科学研究院，Tel：0917-8226709，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟“大豆机械化生产技术集成与示范”(LM202011); 国家大豆产业技术体系“国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目”(CARS-04); 陕西省重点研发计划“优质专用高产大豆新品种选育及示范”(2021ZDLNY01-10)

Effects of Sowing Method and Fertilizing Amount on Photosynthetic Capacity, Yield, and Quality of Soybean

QU Yang1(), MA Wen1, WANG Kezhen1(), ZHU Fa1, ZHANG Huafeng1, YANG Hao1, LIANG Fuqin2   

  1. 1 Baoji Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Qishan, Shaanxi 722499
    2 Yanan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yanan, Shaanxi 716000
  • Received:2022-09-26 Revised:2022-12-27 Published-:2023-09-25 Online:2023-09-22

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摘要：

为探明不同种植参数对大豆光合特性、产量和品质的调控效应，本试验以‘宝豆10号’为试验材料，采用正交设计，设置行距、密度和施肥量3个因素和3个水平，研究不同种植参数对大豆光合特性、产量及构成因素和籽粒品质的影响。结果表明，随着行距和施肥量的增加，大豆生育期间的平均叶绿素相对含量（SPAD值）、净光合速率(Pn)、瞬时水分利用效率(WUE)、内在水分利用效率(IWUE)和羧化速率(CE)有增加的趋势，且水平3与其他水平差异显著；单株粒数和产量有增加的趋势，且行距和施肥量在水平3的单株粒数较其他水平增加显著，年均单株粒数分别为110.77粒和100.00粒，水平3的产量较水平1增加显著，年均产量分别为2874.3 kg/hm2和2984.25 kg/hm2。随着密度的增加，大豆生育期间叶片平均SPAD值、Pn、WUE、IWUE和CE均有降低的趋势，且水平1与其他水平差异显著；单株粒数和产量有降低的趋势，且水平1和水平3差异显著，水平1年均单株粒数和产量分别为99.17粒和2874.75 kg/hm2。各因素和水平对大豆百粒重、籽粒粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量和水溶性蛋白含量没有显著影响。行距、密度和施肥量对大豆的产量、产量构成因素以及光合特性具有重要影响，在机械化生产背景下采用扩行缩株提高种肥的方式（行距60 cm、密度18.75万株/hm2和复合肥300 kg/hm2）能更高效地利用关中西部光热水资源，实现大豆产量的有效提升。

关键词: 种植方式, 大豆, 光合特性, 品质

Abstract:

To explore the regulatory effects of planting parameters on photosynthetic characteristic, soybean yield, and quality of soybean, this experiment took ‘Baodou 10’ as tested material, and set up 3 factors and 3 levels of row-ledge, plant density, and fertilizing amount with the orthogonal design to study the effects of plant parameters on photosynthetic characteristic, soybean yield and yield components, and seed quality. The result showed that average SPAD, Pn, WUE, IWUE, and CE from the growth stage increased with increase of row-ledge and fertilizer, and level 3 had more advantages than others. Seeds per plant and yield increased with the increase of row-ledge and fertilizing amount, and average seeds per plant of level 3 in tested seasons were 110.77 seeds and 100 seeds, which had a significant difference from level 1. The average yield of level 3 in tested seasons was 2874.3 kg/hm2 and 2984.25 kg/hm2. As plant density increased, average SPAD, Pn, WUE, IWUE, and CE in the growth stage decreased, and level 1 had more advantages than others. Seeds per plant and yield decreased when plant density increased, and the average seeds per plant and yield of level 1 in tested seasons were 99.17 seeds and 2874.75 kg/hm2, which had a significant difference from that of level 3. 100-seed weight, crude protein content, crude fat content, and hydrophilic protein content were not significantly affected by different treatments. Yield, yield components, and photosynthetic capacity in soybean were affected by row ledge, plant density, and fertilizing amount. Under the mechanization production background of soybean, wide row-ledge (60 cm), narrow planting distance (18.75×104 plants/hm2), and high seed fertilizer (300 kg/hm2) can effectively use light, temperature, and water resources in the west of Guanzhong areas and improve soybean yield.

Key words: plant parameters, soybean, photosynthetic characteristics, quality