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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 6-12.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0210

所属专题： 生物技术； 玉米

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

播期对陇东春玉米生长发育进程及产量的影响

张可心1(), 鱼潇1,2(), 张谋草1   

  1. 1 甘肃省庆阳市气象局，甘肃西峰 745000
    2 成都信息工程大学，成都 610225
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-22 修回日期:2022-06-22 出版日期:2023-02-25 发布日期:2023-02-22
  • 通讯作者: 鱼潇，女，1994年出生，陕西长武人，助理工程师，在读硕士，主要从事农业气象研究。通信地址：745000 甘肃省庆阳市西峰区兰州路14号 庆阳市气象局，Tel：0934-8212687，E-mail：460719785@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:

    张可心，女，1995年出生，甘肃宁县人，工程师，学士，研究方向：气候变化及灾害性天气预报预警。通信地址：745000 甘肃省庆阳市西峰区兰州路14号 庆阳市气象局，Tel：0934-8212687，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局创新发展专项“农业气象试验站区域联合试验”(CXFZ2021Z059); 庆阳市气象科技项目“陇东地膜玉米气象灾害风险评估及农业保险指数设计探讨”(QY2021-4)

Effects of Sowing Date on Growth and Yield of Spring Maize in East Gansu

ZHANG Kexin1(), YU Xiao1,2(), ZHANG Moucao1   

  1. 1 Qingyang Meteorological Bureau, Xifeng, Gansu 745000
    2 Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225
  • Received:2022-03-22 Revised:2022-06-22 Online:2023-02-25 Published:2023-02-22

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摘要：

为探讨陇东春玉米生长发育及产量形成的最适宜播种期，为当地玉米种植提供参考依据。基于2018—2020年开展的全国农业气象试验站玉米区域联合试验—西峰春玉米分期播种试验，研究不同播期对陇东春玉米生长发育进程及产量形成的影响。结果表明：播期每推迟10 d，玉米全生育期天数缩短5.5 d，播期对于春玉米全育期天数的影响主要集中在出苗时间、苗期生长阶段，随着播期的推迟，出苗时间和苗期生长阶段所需时间均缩短；玉米全生育期天数与温度呈显著负相关，与积温、日照时数呈显著正相关，降水量对玉米全生育期天数影响较小。随着播期推迟，玉米的单株籽粒数、百粒重及产量值均呈现先增加后减少的趋势，即SD2、SD3大于SD1、SD4播期。适当晚播种，抽雄前降水量充沛，抽雄后气温高、积温多有利于百粒重及单株籽粒数的增加，从而增产。陇东春玉米适宜播种期宜选择在4月下旬—5月上旬，此时气象条件配比最有利于春玉米生长发育，可最大程度提高玉米产量。

关键词: 分期播种, 玉米, 气象条件, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To explore the most suitable sowing period for the growth and development and yield formation of spring maize in east Gansu (Longdong), and to provide reference for local maize planting, based on the maize regional joint test of the National Agricultural Meteorological Experiment Station - the Xifeng spring maize sowing by stage test, which was carried out from 2018 to 2020, we studied the effects of different sowing dates on the growth and development process and yield formation of Longdong spring maize. The results showed that for every 10 days’ delay of sowing, the duration of the whole growth period of maize was shortened by 5.5 days. The influence of sowing date on the duration of the whole spring maize growth period mainly concentrated on the emergence time and the seedling growth stage. With the delay of the sowing date, the time required for emergence and seedling growth were shortened. The duration of the whole growth period of maize was significantly and negatively correlated with temperature, while significantly and positively correlated with the accumulated temperature and sunshine hours. Precipitation had little effect on the duration of the whole growth period of maize. With the delay of the sowing date, the number of kernels per plant, 100-kernel weight and yield of maize showed a trend of first increase and then decrease, that is, the above agronomic traits under sowing date SD2 and SD3 were higher than those under SD1 and SD4. Appropriate late sowing, abundant precipitation before tasseling, and high temperature and accumulated temperature after tasseling were beneficial to the increase of 100-kernel weight and the number of kernels per plant, thus increasing the yield. The suitable sowing period of spring maize in Longdong is from late April to early May, when the meteorological condition is most conducive to the growth and development of spring maize and can maximize the maize yield.

Key words: sowing by stages, maize, meteorological condition, yield, quality